SCIENCE SKILLS + BIOETHICS

Question 1

approaches to bioethics

Answer 1

• consequence based
• duty based
• virtues based

Question 2

consequence-based approach

Answer 2

driven by consideration for the consequences that may result. aims to maximise positive outcomes while minimising negative effects.

Question 3

duty-based approach

Answer 3

driven by a duty to act in a certain way. aims to follow set rules + responsibilities, with less regard for the consequences.

Question 4

virtues-based approach

Answer 4

driven by character, rather than rules or consequences. aims to emphasise moral nature of the individual.

Question 5

ethical concepts

Answer 5

• integrity
• justice
• beneficence
• non-maleficence
• respect

Question 6

integrity

Answer 6

commitment to knowledge, honesty and truth. accurately understanding and representing facts.

Question 7

justice

Answer 7

commitment to fairness, consideration of opinions and equality. fair distribution of resourses.

Question 8

beneficence

Answer 8

commitment to maximising benefits. promotes the wellbeing and good of others.

Question 9

non-maleficence

Answer 9

commitment to minimising harm. encourages individuals to act in ways that remove as much harm as possible.

Question 10

respect

Answer 10

commitment to consideration, value of others, and autonomy. encourages individuals to consider others personal welfare, beliefs and freedom.

Question 11

independant variable

Answer 11

factors that are manipulated in an experiment.

Question 12

dependant variable

Answer 12

factors that are measured in an experiment that are changed when the IV is manipulated.

Question 13

constant/controlled variable

Answer 13

factor that is kept constant throughout the experiment.

Question 14

extraneous/uncontrolled variable

Answer 14

factor that is not kept constant or kept accounted for throughout the experiment.

Question 15

repeatable

Answer 15

you can repeat your experiment and get the same results over and over again.

Question 16

reproducible

Answer 16

other scientists could follow your method and get the same results over and over again.

Question 17

valid experiment

Answer 17

your experiment actually measures what it claims to be measuring.

Question 18

precision

Answer 18

how close measurements are to each other.

Question 19

accuracy

Answer 19

how close a measurement is to the true value.

Question 20

personal error

Answer 20

mistakes/miscalculations made by the experimenter.

Question 21

systematic error

Answer 21

errors which cause the results to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time.

Question 22

random error

Answer 22

errors caused by unpredictable variations in the measurement process, eg. estimation