science respiratory Flashcards
an organism supplies its cells and tissues with
the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves
them of the carbon dioxide formed in
energy-producing reactions
Respiration
Oxygen passes through alveolus
into the blood in the capillaries via
diffusion process
gas exchange
respiration, the respiratory system performs the following
functions:
regulation of the blood ph
voice production
oflaction
protection
The sensation of smell occurs when airborne molecules are
drawn into the nasal cavity
- Olfaction. The
In a healthy lung, there are at least two types of macrophages:
alveolar macrophages (AM) and interstitial macrophages (IM)
are the major macrophage populations in the lung and have unique characteristics in both steady-state conditions and disease state
interstitial macrophages (IM)
lso known as dust cells are a type of white blood cells. The immune system is divided into the cellular and humoral components.
alveolar macrophages (AM)
Consists of the external nose and
the nasal cavity
nose
is the open chamber inside the
nose where air first enters the
respiratory system
nasal cavity
begins at the anterior external
openings
the nares
extends to posterior openings
chonaeo
the nasal cavity has five functions:
serves as passageway for air
clears the air
humidifies the air
Contains the olfactory epithelium.
Helps determine voice sound.
the sensory organ for smell, is
located in the most superior part of the nasal cavity
olfactory epithelium.
This mucous membrane consists of
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
the common opening of both the
digestive and the respiratory
systems.
pharynx or throat
anterior part of the
laryngopharynx and extends
from the base of the tongue
to the trachea.
larynx or voice box
is held in place by
membranes and muscles
superior to the hyoid bone
larynx or voice box
larynx or voice box four main functions
Maintains an open passageway for air movements
2. Prevents swallowed materials from entering the larynx
and lower respiratory tract
3. Produces sound for speech
4. Protects the lower respiratory tract from foreign
materials
allows air to flow into the
lungs
trachea or windpipe
a membranous tube
attached to the larynx and
consists of dense regular
connective tissue and
smooth muscle
trachea or windpipe
15–20 C-shaped
pieces of hyaline
cartilage
tracheal rings
an inside diameter of 12
mm and a length of 10–12
cm
trachea or windpipe
The trachea divides to
form two smaller tubes
called
main bronchi, or
primary bronchi each
two main bronchi is a
ridge of cartilage called
the
carina
are less than 1 mm in
diameter and have less cartilage
and more smooth muscle
Bronchioles
are lined
with ciliated simple columnar
epithelium
larger bronchioles
are small, air-filled chambers
where the air and the blood
come into close contact with
each other
alvole
this is where the gas exchange happens
alveoli sac
how many alveolis are there in TWO lungs
300 million
primary organs of respiration
lungs
what is the weigh of the right lung
620 g,
what is the weigh of the left lung
560 g
