Science: Physical Science Flashcards
Atoms with:
More protons than electrons are called:
More electrons than protons are called:
Cations
Anions
Locations:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons - nucleus
Neutrons - nucleus
Electrons - orbit the nucleus
Atomic mass =
Protons + neutrons
Atomic number =
Number of protons in nucleus
Two or more atoms joined together
Molecule
Atoms share one or more valence electrons
Covalent bond
Chemical bond that involves the attraction btwn two ions with unlike charges
Ionic bond
Loosely packed molecules-can change shape but not volume
Liquids
Molecules widely dispersed - change both shape and volume
Gas
Contains freely moving charged particles, but overall charge is neutral
Plasma
Liquid to gas:
Gas to liquid:
Solid to gas:
Gas to solid:
Liquid to gas: evaporate
Gas to liquid: condensation
Solid to gas: sublimation
Gas to solid: deposition
Substances combined without a chemical reaction
When distribution is uniform (salt water) the mixture is called:
Mixture
Solution
Chemical reaction: energy ( heat is released):
Chemical reaction: energy is required for the reaction to take place
Exothermic
Endothermic
Chemical change substance loses electrons when exposed to oxygen ( iron rusts)
Oxidation
Chemical reaction that produces heat, carbon dioxide and water
Combustion
Two substances combine to form a single substance
Synthesis
Chemical reaction in which a single substance is broken down into two or more substances
Decomposition
Chemical reaction when an acid and a base react to produce a salt and a water
Neutralization
_ stays the same wherever the object is located ( ex: earth and moon)
Mass
Mass divided by volume =
Amount of space the object occupies
Density
Amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent
Poor conductors
Solubility
Insulators
_ compounds that contribute a hydrogen ion when in a solution
_ compounds that contribute a hydroxide ion in a solution
Acid
Bases
Speed =
Distance /time
Vector measures:
2
Magnitude and direction
Displacement, velocity, acceleration
Scale measures:
Magnitude only
Measures shortest distance btwn initial and final locations of a moving point
Displacement
Rate at which a an object changes position
Equation:
Velocity
Displacement/ time
_ describes how quickly an object changes velocity
Equation:
Acceleration
Change in velocity/ time
Newton’s 1st law
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a force
Newton’s 2nd law
Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration
F= ma
Newton’s 3rd law
for every action there is an qual and opposite reaction
Force that results from objects being pulled or hung
Upward force of object resting on another object
Tension
Normal force
