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Attea > Science Periodic Table > Flashcards

Science Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What is a proton’s charge?

A

positive

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2
Q

What is a electron’s charge?

A

negative

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3
Q

What is a neutron’s charge?

A

neutral

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4
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1 amu

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5
Q

What is the mass of a electron?

A

1/2000 amu

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6
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1 amu

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7
Q

What does amu stand for?

A

atomic mass unit

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8
Q

How do you know how many electrons an atom has?

A

The atomic number is the amount of electrons an atom has

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9
Q

How do you know how many protons an atom has?

A

The atomic number is the amount of protons an atom has

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10
Q

How do you know how many neutrons an atom has?

A

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass of the element

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11
Q

What are groups/families?

A

The elements in a column on the periodic table

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12
Q

What are periods?

A

The elements in a row on the periodic table

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13
Q

What do all the elements in a group/family have in common?

A

They all have the same number of valence electrons

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14
Q

What do all the elements in a period have in common?

A

They all have the same number of shells

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15
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

The average mass between all of the atom’s isotopes

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16
Q

What is the name of group 17?

A

Halogens

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17
Q

What is the name of group 18?

A

Noble Gasses

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18
Q

What is the name of group 1?

A

Alkali metals

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19
Q

What is the name of group 2?

A

Alkali(or alkaline) earth metals

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20
Q

What is the name of groups 3-12?

A

Transition Metals

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21
Q

What is the symbol for Sodium?

A

Na

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22
Q

What is the symbol for Calcium?

A

Ca

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23
Q

What is the symbol for Chlorine?

A

Cl

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24
Q

What is the symbol for Potassium?

A

K

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25
What is the symbol for Hydrogen?
H
26
What is the symbol for Helium?
He
27
What is the symbol for Carbon?
C
28
What is the symbol for Nitrogen?
N
29
What is the symbol for Oxygen?
O
30
What is the symbol for Magnesium?
Mg
31
What is the symbol for Fluorine?
Fl
32
What is the symbol for Lithium?
Li
33
What is the symbol for Sulfur?
S
34
What is the symbol for Aluminum?
Al
35
What is the name of groups 1-2?
Reactive metals
36
What is the name of the period on the outside of the body and in the first row?
Lanthanides
37
Name all the metalloids(8)
``` Boron(B) Silicon(Si) Germanium(Ge) Arsenic(As) Antimony(Sb) Tellurium(Te) Polonium(Po) Astatine(At) ```
38
What is an isotope? How is it shown?
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons Ex. Chlorine with 37 as the isotope Chlorine-37 *This atom has the regular amount of protons(17) and you must subtract to find the number of neutrons, using this as the new atomic mass number(20 neutrons)
39
What is an ion? How is it shown?
When an atom gains or loses an electron Ex. Sodium plus one, plus two, and minus one electron Na^+; Na^+2; Na^- (carrot there to show it is like an exponent)
40
What are some characteristics of metals?(3)
Shiny Conduct energy and heat All solids at room temperature(except mercury)
41
What are some characteristics of alkaline earth metals?(2)
Less reactive than alkali metals, but still more reactive than most metals Never found pure in nature, only as compounds
42
What are some characteristics of transition metals?(3)
Generally less reactive Important to industry Malleable
43
What are some characteristics of lanthanides?(4)
Soft Shiny Malleable High conductivity
44
What is the name of the period on the outside of the body and in the second row?
Actinides
45
What is the name of the periods on the outside of the body?
Rare Earth elements(lanthanides and actinides)
46
What are some characteristics of actinides?(3)
Only two elements exist in nature in significant amounts-thorium and uranium Other elements were artificially made in labs The nuclei are very unstable-radioactive
47
What are some characteristics of nonmetals?(4)
The properties of nonmetals tend to be the opposite of metals Dull surfaces, can’t be shaped by hammering Many are gases at room temperature, except for bromine Most readily form compounds with many other elements
48
What are some characteristics of halogens?(5)
Name comes from greek word meaning “forming salts” Easily form compounds called salts Very reactive with metals Often used to kill harmful microorganisms Most pure forms are dangerous to humans
49
What are some characteristics of noble gases?
Chemically stable and unreactive
50
What are some characteristics of metalloids?(2)
Commonly used as semiconductors | Have properties of metals and nonmetals
51
What is a semiconductor?
A material that conducts energy under some circumstances, but not others.
52
What determines the identity of an atom?
The number of protons
53
When an element foes through a chemical change, why doesn’t it affect the identity of the atom?
The change doesn’t affect the nucleus
54
When is an atom considered stable?
When it has the right balance of protons and neutrons
55
How can an element of one atom change into an atom of a different element?
If an isotope has too little or too many neutrons, the now unstable nucleus will produce particles to restore the balance. The production of these particles can change the number of protons, changing the element.
56
What is a half life?
The amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a particular sample to decay.
57
What is radio active decay?
When radioactive atoms produce enough energy and particles from their nuclei to change the number of protons in the atom, changing the element.
58
What is a physical change and what are some examples?(6)
A change that doesn't change the identity of the substance Bending Breaking Change in state of matter(solid, liquid, gas) Tearing Folding Change of color
59
What is a chemical change and what are some examples?()
``` A change that changes the identity of the substance Signs of a chemical change: Production of odor Change in temperature Bubbles The formation of a solid Gas is produced Unexpected change in color Substance disappears ```
60
What is a chemical change and what are some examples?(7)
``` A change that changes the identity of the substance Signs of a chemical change: Production of odor Change in temperature Bubbles The formation of a solid Gas is produced Unexpected change in color Substance disappears ```
61
What is a physical property and what are some examples?(11)
``` Characteristics of a substance that can be identified without changing the substance's identity; using your five senses Hardness Color Texture Size Shape Odor Shine Temperature Density Viscosity Melting/Boiling point ```
62
What is a chemical property and what are some examples?(5)
``` Characteristics involved when a chemical reaction is happening Flammability Rusting Gas bubbles New chemical product Reactivity with water ```
63
What are some characteristics of alkali metals?(5)
``` Extremely reactive Very soft and shiny Light in weight Is not found pure in nature because... They react violently with air and water ```

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