Science Of Psychology Flashcards
What did Descartes believe in?
Dualism
Define dualism
The separation of the mind and the body
What is the question of the brain in the vat?
Can we simulate life?
What does the Malevolent demon question?
How do we know what we experience is real?
Who was involved in structuralism
Wundt
What methods did Wundt use?
Introspection
What is structuralism?
The idea that the brain functions in separate component parts.
Who was associated with functionalism
James
What is the idea surrounding functionalism?
Organisms functions allow us to predict and understand behaviour
What approach is associated with the black box?
Behaviourism
What does operant conditioning involve
Reinforcement through rewards and punishments
What does classical conditioning involve
Association of unconditioned and conditioned stimulus to creat a conditioned response
What names are involved in behaviourism
Pavlov
Skinner
Watson
What two approaches often collide due to subjective and bias views
Structuralism and behaviourism
Who is associated with Early memory research (cognition)
Ebbinghaus
What does cognitive psychology attempt to uncover that other approaches fail to?
‘The black box’
What is cognitive psychology influence by?
Structuralism and functionalism
Who created the hierarchy of needs
Maslow
What is in maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Psychological needs
Safety and security
Love and belonging
Self esteem
Self actualisation
What therapy did rogers develop
Client centred therapy
What is the key idea of the psychodynamic approach
The unconscious mind includes motivating forces that guide our behaviour and produce our personality.
What are the parts of the tripartite personality
ID, Ego, Superego
Who were key individuals in the beginning of the biological approach
Broca and Wernicke
What are the key ideas around the biological approach
All behaviour and mental processes can be traced to physical causes
What scientific approach involved the cognitive approach and the biological approach?
Cognitive neuroscience
Who was involved in evolutionary psychology?
Darwin
Dawkins
Wilson
What are the main ideas around evolutionary psychology?
Our behaviour is determined by our genes.
What does evolutionary psychology say our main reason for existence is?
To reproduce out genes
What are the three things required for evolution to work
A self replicating unit
Some random variability in its replication
Pressure to select on that variability sociobiology applies these ideas to human behaviour and psychology
Why is evolutionary psychology controversial
Due to the idea of sexual selection
