Perception Flashcards
Define perception
An integration of stimulation from the senses involving top down processes
What are too down processes?
Interpreting the information of sensed with the involvement of memory, expectations, mood, current context and beliefs.
What is perceptual constancy
Perception remaining consistent despite variations in raw data
What is the perception of brightness dependent on other than the amount of light?
The amount of light reflected from other objects.
What is a perceptual set
Our readiness to interpret stimuli in a certain way depending on expectations, experience and psychological state.
What are perceptually ambiguous figures?
Figures that can be perceived in two different ways
Who wore inverted goggles and adjusted well?
Stratton
What is depth perception?
Our ability to judge distance
What is the absolute distance
The distance between the observer and object
What is relative distance
The distance between objects
What is convergence?
Eyes move together as an object gets closer
What is binocular retinal disparity
Slightly different views of the world presented to each eye allow the brain the interpret depth information.
What is motion parallax
Objects that are closer to the observer appear to move faster
What is relative size?
The size of an object related to others around it
What is the moon illusion?
The moon on the horizon seems larger because we assume objects are farther away.
What is linear perspective?
The apparent convergence of parallel lines on the horizon
What is a texture gradient?
Objects at a distance are denser and less detailed
What do distance objects look like in an aerial perspective?
Distant objects are fuzzy due to moisture and particles in the air.
What happens when an object occluded another
It appears to be closer
What is the muller lyre illusion?
Depth cues suggest the long line is closer.
What is the ponzo illusion?
Linear perspective suggests objects are further away.
What is the Ames room illusion?
Depth cues suggest people are the same distance from the observer
What three cues allow us to locate objects using auditory perception?
The difference in intensity of sound in the two ears
The overall intensity of the sound
The difference in time it takes to reach difference ears
Why do stable objects remain stable if the observer is moving?
Our perceptual system compensated for voluntary eye movements
How do we perceive motion?
Distinguish between the object and observer moving
Using the intensity of sound
What is apparent motion?
When our perceptual systems fill in the gaps on motionless images.
What is the phi phenomenon?
Motion perceived due to the succession of flashing lights
What happens if an object is near a stationary one
It induces motion
What is the motion after effect?
After moving forward for some time then stop everything outside seems to be moving backwards.
What are bottom up processes used as in feature analysis
We look at the features before perceiving a whole
What does Gestalt top down processes assume
The whole is greater than the sum of parts
What are organising principles used to form Gestalt?
Figure/ground distribution and grouping principles.
What are some grouping principles in sound perception
Proximity
Good continuation
Closure
What is gestalt often accompanied by?
An AHA! Moment
