Developmental Psychology Flashcards
Define schema
Mental representations that define a particular category or behaviour.
What are concepts?
Rules that describe properties of environmental events and their relations to other concepts.
What is the process of assimilation?
New information is modified to fit into an existing schema
What is the process of accommodation?
New schemata is produced or the other schema is changed by new information forming.
Define the range of proximal development.
The range of skills that a child is unable to master alone but can perform with the assistance of peers/adults.
What is attachment
A social and emotional bond between infant and caregiver
When is an attachment formed?
In the first year of life.
What does Piaget’s theory of cognitive development suggest?
There are four stages that are dependent on physical maturation of the brain, and influence by the environment and experiences.
At what age is the sensorimotor stage
Birth - 2 years
What is object permanence
Out of sight does not mean out of existence.
What is deferred imitation?
Forming mental representations of actions used as recall.
What is rudimentary symbolic thinking?
Words represent objects.
Define egocentrism
The belief that everyone sees the world like once self
What is the theory of mind?
The ability to imagine what other people are thinking.
At what age is the pre operational stage?
2-7 years old.
What age is the concrete operational stage?
7-11
What age is the formal operational stage?
adolescence - adulthood.
What Is abstract reasoning?
The ability to hypothesise, test and re-evaluate hypotheses
What does Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of cognitive development emphasise?
The crucial influence that social interactions and language and embedded cultural context have on our cognitive development.
What does Bowlby’s attachment theory suggest?
Humans have an innate need to attach to the primary caregiver to gain protection and ensure survival.
