Science Midterm 2023 Flashcards
What are natural resources? Give examples.
Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature - water, trees, air
What are renewable resources and nonrenewable resources? Give Examples
Renewable resources can be used again - trees
Nonrenewable resources can only be used once - fossil fuels
How are rock and mineral resources formed?
Rocks are created through a geological process that transforms them into 3 types of rocks.
What are some ways that we use fresh water?
Drinking, cleaning, and gardening.
What are fossil fuels?
Natural resource that have taken million of years to form - coal, oil, & natural gas
What is a meander?
Curve in a river; inside is erosional, outside is depositional
What is wave erosion?
Caused by waves crash against the shore and erode away sand and minerals and rocks.
What are some examples of wave erosion?
Sea cliffs, sea pillars, sea stacks, sea arches
Describe the rock cycle.
Process where rocks are formed, changed, worn down, and formed again.
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
How are each rock formed?
Igneous- Molten liquid rock cools down and hardens
Sedimentary- Erosion or weathering, sediments are compacted and cemented.
Metamorphic- heat and pressure
Steps in creating a sedimentary rock
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
Which type of rock will you find fossils?
Sedimentary
What is erosion?
The process by which sediments are moved from one location to another by wind or water
What is weathering?
The physical or chemical breaks down of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces.
What is the ring of fire?
The subduction zone, when the plates go under each other, that contains the most active volcanoes
Explain Continental Drift Theory.
That the continents were once connected or one large continent called pangea and they drifted apart. They didn’t believe him because he was not a geologist.
Explain the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
The earth’s crust is made up of individual plates, and that these plates move gradually in relation to each other.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
Scientist who proposed the continental drift theory, and was a meteorologist.
Describe the age of the crust near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
The crust near this is young, the closer the crust is to the ridge the younger it is.
How did sonar help scientists?
By helping them to discover the seafloor was not flat and that the seafloor was spreading.
What is a delta?
Fan spayed mass of mud and other sediment due to the deposit and deposition of sediments. Located at the mouth of a river.
What is a glacier?
Large sheet of ice or snow that moves slowly over earth’s surface.
What is Pangaea?
Super continent that incorporates all the landmasses.
What are convergent boundaries?
When two plates push towards each other, this is when subduction happens.
What are divergent boundaries?
When two plates move away from each other and that is where the mid - Atlantic ridge is.
What are transform boundaries?
Tectonic plate boundaries that move opposite of each other or slide past each other.
New crust forms at what type of boundary?
Divergent
What type of boundary do earthquakes occur?
Transform
What is an earthquake?
A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of rock underground.
How do fossils help prove the theory of plate tectonics?
Fossils of the same species are found on different continents that are oceans apart. They also found that the coastlines match up like a puzzle.
How were the Hawaiian islands created?
Hot spots
What is a set of observations about physical processes that have shaped the earth in the past?
Plate Tectonics
How are fossil fuels formed?
They form over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals.
Are depositional land forms created by erosion?
Yes
The Hawaiian islands were created when two plates collided.
Yes
