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Science 2023/2024 > Science Midterm 2023 > Flashcards

Science Midterm 2023 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are natural resources? Give examples.

A

Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature - water, trees, air

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2
Q

What are renewable resources and nonrenewable resources? Give Examples

A

Renewable resources can be used again - trees
Nonrenewable resources can only be used once - fossil fuels

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3
Q

How are rock and mineral resources formed?

A

Rocks are created through a geological process that transforms them into 3 types of rocks.

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4
Q

What are some ways that we use fresh water?

A

Drinking, cleaning, and gardening.

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5
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Natural resource that have taken million of years to form - coal, oil, & natural gas

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6
Q

What is a meander?

A

Curve in a river; inside is erosional, outside is depositional

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7
Q

What is wave erosion?

A

Caused by waves crash against the shore and erode away sand and minerals and rocks.

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8
Q

What are some examples of wave erosion?

A

Sea cliffs, sea pillars, sea stacks, sea arches

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9
Q

Describe the rock cycle.

A

Process where rocks are formed, changed, worn down, and formed again.

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

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11
Q

How are each rock formed?

A

Igneous- Molten liquid rock cools down and hardens
Sedimentary- Erosion or weathering, sediments are compacted and cemented.
Metamorphic- heat and pressure

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12
Q

Steps in creating a sedimentary rock

A

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

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13
Q

Which type of rock will you find fossils?

A

Sedimentary

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14
Q

What is erosion?

A

The process by which sediments are moved from one location to another by wind or water

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15
Q

What is weathering?

A

The physical or chemical breaks down of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces.

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16
Q

What is the ring of fire?

A

The subduction zone, when the plates go under each other, that contains the most active volcanoes

17
Q

Explain Continental Drift Theory.

A

That the continents were once connected or one large continent called pangea and they drifted apart. They didn’t believe him because he was not a geologist.

18
Q

Explain the Theory of Plate Tectonics.

A

The earth’s crust is made up of individual plates, and that these plates move gradually in relation to each other.

19
Q

Who is Alfred Wegener?

A

Scientist who proposed the continental drift theory, and was a meteorologist.

20
Q

Describe the age of the crust near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A

The crust near this is young, the closer the crust is to the ridge the younger it is.

21
Q

How did sonar help scientists?

A

By helping them to discover the seafloor was not flat and that the seafloor was spreading.

22
Q

What is a delta?

A

Fan spayed mass of mud and other sediment due to the deposit and deposition of sediments. Located at the mouth of a river.

23
Q

What is a glacier?

A

Large sheet of ice or snow that moves slowly over earth’s surface.

24
Q

What is Pangaea?

A

Super continent that incorporates all the landmasses.

25
Q

What are convergent boundaries?

A

When two plates push towards each other, this is when subduction happens.

26
Q

What are divergent boundaries?

A

When two plates move away from each other and that is where the mid - Atlantic ridge is.

27
Q

What are transform boundaries?

A

Tectonic plate boundaries that move opposite of each other or slide past each other.

28
Q

New crust forms at what type of boundary?

A

Divergent

29
Q

What type of boundary do earthquakes occur?

A

Transform

30
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of rock underground.

31
Q

How do fossils help prove the theory of plate tectonics?

A

Fossils of the same species are found on different continents that are oceans apart. They also found that the coastlines match up like a puzzle.

32
Q

How were the Hawaiian islands created?

A

Hot spots

33
Q

What is a set of observations about physical processes that have shaped the earth in the past?

A

Plate Tectonics

34
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?

A

They form over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals.

35
Q

Are depositional land forms created by erosion?

A

Yes

36
Q

The Hawaiian islands were created when two plates collided.

A

Yes

Science 2023/2024 (11 decks)

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