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Science 2023/2024 > Adaptations > Flashcards

Adaptations Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A new organism that is the product of reproduction

A

Offspring

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2
Q

The presence of many different types of organisms in an ecosystem

A

Biological Diversity

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3
Q

The main control center in an animal body; part of the central nervous system

A

Brain

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4
Q

The coloring or patterns on an animal’s body that allow it to blend in with its environment

A

Camouflage

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5
Q

Any individual living thing

A

Organism

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6
Q

All living and non-living things surrounding an organism

A

Environment

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7
Q

The part of the Earth in which life exists

A

Biosphere

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8
Q

Found in the nucleus of a cell; contains the genetic instructions for the development of all living organisms

A

DNA

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9
Q

What is the difference between inherited traits and acquired traits?

A

The difference between inherited traits and acquired traits are one is learned and the other is passed down, and they are born with it.

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10
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Genetic variation is the range of differences in dna.

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11
Q

What does genetic code determine?

A

Genetic code determines an organism’s features and some of its behaviors.

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12
Q

What determines an organism’s features and some of its behavior?

A

An organism’s features and some of its behavior is determined by genetic code.

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13
Q

What are mutations?

A

Mutations the change in the nucleotide sequence.

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14
Q

What do mutations provide the raw material for?

A

Mutations provide raw material for natural selection and adaptation.

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15
Q

What will likely happen to an offspring that receives an advantageous trait?

A

When an offspring receives an advantageous trait its offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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16
Q

Over time what will happen to the gene and the advantageous adaptation it produces?

A

The gene and the advantageous adaptation it produces will become more common in the population.

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17
Q

In a population, how many genes exist?

A

In a population many versions of genes exist.

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18
Q

What are alleles?

A

Alleles produce the genetic variation we observe in populations.

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19
Q

Why do most multicellular organisms within a population differ from one another?

A

Multicellular organisms within a population differ from one another because their genes are being continually reshuffled during reproduction.

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20
Q

Give an example of structural variation.

A

An example of structural variation is size or coat color.

21
Q

Give an example of behavior variation.

A

An example of behavior variation is parental care.

22
Q

What are acquired characteristics? Give examples

A

Acquired characteristics are characteristics earned as an organism learns and grows. Some examples are the shape of a tree is partly determined by where it grows, or predators may also learn aspects of hunting behavior from their parents.

23
Q

What are all organisms striving for?

A

Survival

24
Q

Give examples of what they do for number 1. (To survive)

A

Organisms, for number 1, for example, mice staying away from predators, search for food, find mates, and care for their young.

25
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Natural selection is the process whereby better adapted organisms, like the brown mouse, are likely to survive and reproduce

26
Q

Give an example. (of Natural Selection)

A

Natural selection is the fact that a brown mouse is more likely to survive due to camouflage. White mice are less likely

27
Q

How can natural selection alter a gene in an animal?

A

Natural selection can alter a gene in an animal by changing how common that gene is in the population.

28
Q

What did Charles Darwin study?

A

Charles Darwin studied finches and their beaks. In the Galapagos Islands, (due to adaptation) beak size varied due to what kind of seeds and when there was a drought, only those with stronger/deep beaks survived. The smaller beaks died out because they had less food. Therefore, now the stronger/deeper beaks are the main beak of the finches due to adaptation.

29
Q

What 2 things does an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce depend on?

A

An individuals ability to survive and reproduce is the genes and the environment.

30
Q

What can an individual change to lessen the effect of an environmental change?

A

An individual can change its behavior or location

31
Q

When can a trait become a disadvantage?

A

A trait can become a disadvantage when when the environment changes.

32
Q

In most cases can individuals do anything to improve its survival and reproduction when confronted with changes in an environment? Give an ex.

A

In most cases, they cannot, for example, if a bird’s beak is too large to handle small seeds, when large seeds disappear, the bird will have trouble eating enough.

33
Q

What can organisms do to change a disadvantage?

A

Organisms change its behavior or location.

34
Q

What are some examples of successful genetic variations in a particular environment?

A

Genes for large beaks and genes for small beaks will be more stable than a population with very little genetic variation.

34
Q

How do organisms survive in a changing environment?

A

Organisms have features that allow them to survive in an environment features that give them a competitive edge in the environment will help them to survive.

35
Q

How do populations benefit from individual adaptations?

A

Populations benefit from individual adaptations by if they are more likely to survive and reproduce. Overtime, the population with these adaptations will increase. This is an example of Natural Selection.

36
Q

What is genetic variation and how does it help a population survive?

A

Genetic variation is how similar or different the members of a same species of a population are to one another. If the species are too similar they are less likely to adapt to a changing environment. The species that have variation are more likely to adapt to a changing environment.

37
Q

Theory stating the variatiion among organisms that make them best adapted to their enviornment live and reproduce; then passing off their genetic qualities

A

Natural Selection

38
Q

The process by which the characteristics of a species change over many generations in response to the environment

A

Adaptation

39
Q

All of the actions and reactions of an animal

A

Behavior

39
Q

To continue living or existing

A

Survive

39
Q

A change in matter that does not affect its chemical composition

A

Physical Change

40
Q

Range of differences in DNA among organisms

A

Genetic Variation

40
Q

major ecological community such as grassland, tropical rain forest, or desert

A

Biome

41
Q

To change; usually organism change that happens over many generations

A

Mutate

42
Q

A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can mate with each other to produce offspring

A

Species

43
Q

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

A

Heredity

44
Q

An organism made of many cells, cannot make its food, can move at least part of its life

A

Animal

Science 2023/2024 (11 decks)

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