Science is an open system

Question 1

What are three arguments that science is an open system

Answer 1

Falsification

Paradigm shift

CUDOS norms

Question 2

Falsification

Answer 2

Popper states that scientist set out to disapprove existing theories

There can never be absolute proof that any knowledge is true. However, scientific knowledge is the best fitting explanation.

Falsification is only possible, if science is an open system, where every scientist theories are open to criticism and testing by others

In order for science to progress, it is essential for it to act as an open belief system

Question 3

Paradigm shift

Answer 3

Paradigm is a set of assumptions

When too much evidence exist, it does not fit the paradigm. This means that the paradigm is undermined.

When the old paradigm is rejected and new paradigm is formed, this means there is new evidence
This is known as a paradigm shift

Question 4

CUDOS norms

Answer 4

Merton states that CUDOS norms is a set of norms that make scientists act in a certain way, which increases scientific knowledge

Communism is when scientific knowledge is not private property and scientist must share the knowledge, otherwise it cannot grow

Universalism Is when the knowledge is challenged by universal objective criteria, and not by the scientist, who produces it

disinterestedness is when scientists are committed to discover knowledge for its own sake