Science- Immune Systen Flashcards
Pathogens
Disease causing substances or organisms
Infectious disease
Sickness that can be passed on to others by: Direct contact Indirect contact Ingestion Bites
First line of defence
Skin- keeps pathogens from entering.
Sweat, oils, gastric juice kills pathogen.
Mucus + cilia keeps them out
All linings of internal body systems.
Innate immune response
Quick general response.
Born with this.
Body will make more WBC in response to pathogen attack.
WBC go to area of infection + swallow pathogens causing inflammation.
Increase in WBC called phagocytes, - fight infection.
Acquired immune response
Body can recognize cells as not being part of body or as foreign.
Specific attack on particular pathogen or antigen.
Antigen
Any non-living substance foreign to body
Acquired immune responses (methods)
B cells (antibodies)
Helper T cells
Killer T cells
Vaccine
Weakened or dead form of pathogen.
(Needle or liquid)
Special version of antigen that gives u immunity against a disease
[tetanus- booster shot every 10 years]
After vaccination…
Immune system makes antibodies that will recognize that antigen in the future and destroy faster.
Some vaccines are given..? (#)
Twice (2)
Grade 9. How many vaccines?
3
Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis
Allergy
Immune system is sensitive + responds quickly + severely to a substance such as dust… Etc.
Unusually high sensitivity to some substance
Histamine
Chemical that immune system releases to fight allergies which make your nose run, eyes water
Antihistamine
Pills that help to reduce runny nose + watery eyes ( effects of histamine)
Difference between pathogen and antigen
Pathogen- disease causing organism or substance.
Antigen- non-living particle or substance
Organisms, such as bacteria, and substances, such as viruses, that cause disease are called___?
Pathogens
___diseases can be passed to others
Infectious
The ___system is the body’s defence system
Immune
The immune systems ___ line of defence against infectious diseases includes the skin
First
The immune systems ___ line of defence includes two types of immune response
Second
___ are carried in the blood to fight infections in the body
WBC
All living things are born with an ___ immune response
Innate
Non-living substances that are foreign to the body and trigger an immune response are called___?
Antigens
In The first process of an acquired immune response , B cells make substances called ___ that bind to antigens
Antibodies
All acquired immune response help give you___?
Active immunity
AIDS is caused by a dangerous pathogen called___ which attacks the ____
HIV
helper T cells
Second line of defence
2 types of immune response. Innate immune response, acquired immune response.
Inflammation
Swelling and redness
Phagocytes
WBC.
Roam the body searching for invader cells and swallowing them.
Active immunity
Body remembers which antibodies should be used to attack a pathogen that has infected it before.
Allergen
Any substance that causes an allergic reaction
Anaphylactic shock
Severe reaction.
Result in swelling, breathing difficulty, death.
Adrenaline auto injector
One time use needles that inject adrenaline into your body to counter the allergic reaction
AIDS
Infection of immune system that leads to various health complications + often death.
Caused by HIV.
No known cure
HIV
Powerful pathogen (virus) that attacks immune system itself and can destroy it by infections helper T cells. Blood and semen (body fluids).
Taking care of your immune system
Well balanced diet. Maintain personal hygiene. Keep home clean. Avoid drugs. Plenty of rest + exercise. Keep vaccinations up to date. Don't share body fluids.
Immune system
Body’s defence system.
Fights diseases + infections.
Antibodies
Specific particles that immune system creates to destroy specific disease causing invaders
