( Science ) GCSE Biology

Question 1

Why are microscopes useful in the study of cell biology?

Answer 1

They allow us to get a closer look at different cells so we can gather information about these cells and the things they relate to.

Question 2

How do you calculate total magnification?

Answer 2

multiplying the objective lens power X the ocular lens power.

Question 3

Cell membrane ( plant and animal cell )

Answer 3

Controls what comes in and out of the cell

Question 4

Nucleus ( plant and animal cell )

Answer 4

Holds the DNA of the cell

Question 5

Cytoplasm ( plant and animal cell )

Answer 5

Holding the compontents of the cell and protects them from damage. Gives the cell it’s shape and is a solvent ( liquid )

Question 6

Chloroplasts (plant cells)

Answer 6

Produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield.

Question 7

Cell wall ( plant cells )

Answer 7

Provides structure and protection for the cell

Question 8

Ribosomes ( animal and plant cell )

Answer 8

Make proteins for the cell

Question 9

Mitochondria ( animal and plant cell )

Answer 9

Produces energy, help with respiration, help with cell multiplication and cell growth

Question 10

Vacuole ( plant cell )

Answer 10

Handles waste products, contains sap

Question 11

So what is in a plant cell animal cell or both?

Answer 11

Both = Ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondrion, nucleus, vacuole
Animal cell = -
Plant cell = cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 12

What is the structure of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 12

Cell wall, plasma membrane which the flagellum is attached to, ribosomes, cytoplasm.

Question 13

What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 13

Membrane bound nucleus, membrane bound organnelles, cytoplasm, plasma membrane and ribosomes

Question 14

What do prokaryotic cells not have that eukaryotic cells do?

Answer 14

A nucleus

Question 15

What is the order of magnitude?

Answer 15

A class in a system of classification determined by size, typically in powers of ten
E.G: 1,000,000 = 1 X10^6 = a magnitude level of 6 ( 6 zeroes )

Question 16

What are specialised animal cells?

Answer 16

Used to have components to do a specific job. E.G: red blood cell : large surface area to fit around the body easier

Question 17

What are some examples of specialised animal cells?

Answer 17

Red blood cells, sperm, eggs, nerve cells, muscle cells, ciliated cells, and villi.

Question 18

Nerve cell

Answer 18

Receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body. Has axons to transmit electricity.

Question 19

Red blood cells

Answer 19

Carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout our body. Large surface area

Question 20

Sperm cell

Answer 20

Carries sperm through the female body to fertilise the egg. Has a flagellum to swim faster.

Question 21

Egg cell

Answer 21

Connect with the male sperm cell in order to become fertilised and produce offspring.

Question 22

Muscle cell

Answer 22

Responsible for all movements that we do. E.G: Helps us lift weights or run. Has multiple nuclei because muscle cells have to fuse together

Question 23

Cilliated cell

Answer 23

Provides the propelling force for the transport of mucus along the airways. Has hair like structures on top of the cell.

Question 24

Villi cell

Answer 24

Absorb nutrients from the lumen in the small intestine. Folded to increase surface area

Question 25

What are the specialised plant cells?

Answer 25

Root hair cells, xylem cells, palisade cells and phloem cells.

Question 26

Root hair cells

Answer 26

Used for taking up water and mineral ions. Have a large surface area

Question 27

Xylem cells

Answer 27

Used to transport the sap. They lose their end walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube. Made of dead cells.

Question 28

Palisade cells

Answer 28

Help to absorb a large amount of sunlight and undergo the photosynthesis process effectively. Column-shaped and packed with many chloroplasts

Question 29

Phloem cells

Answer 29

The ability to store water, and other nutrients. Made of living cells (as opposed to xylem vessels, which are made of dead cells) that are supported by companion cells.

Question 30

E

Answer 30

E