( History ) Cause + End Of WW1 Flashcards
Around how many people were killed in WW1?
9 million
What were the long term reasons for WW1 Starting?
M - Millitarism
A - Alliance
I - Imperialism
N - Nationalism
What is Nationalism?
Every country thought they were the best, causing rivalries.
Millitarism
Armies were an important part of a country, so countries spent tons of money to make their army the best
Imperialism
When multiple countries had an empire, leading to fierce rivalries of who could gain the most control of other nations.
Alliances
Countries knew that a war may come so they started to make alliances with other countries
When did Franz ferdinand arrive in bosnia
28 June 1914
What was the bosnian city that franz ferdinand arrived in?
Sarajevo
What was the serbian gang called who planned to assassinate franz ferdinand?
The black hand
Who was the man called who assassinated franz ferdinand and his wife?
Gavrilo princip
How did this murder lead to war?
Austria hungary blames it on serbia so they attack serbia.
Russia back up serbia and get their army ready.
Germany support austria hungary and declare war on russia.
Britain prepares its warships.
Germany, whose plan is to defeat France BEFORE attacking Russia, declares war on France.
Germany asks Belgium to allow German soldiers to march chrough their country to attack France. Belgium says ‘no’. Germany marches in anyway. Britain, who has a deal to protect Belgium from attack (dating back to 1839), declares war on Germany.
Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.
Britain and France declare war on Austria-Hungary.
What was the Schlieffen plan?
The plan to quickly defeat France, then go through belgium and fight the russian army.
Why did the Schlieffen plan not work?
Because the belgian army were stronger than they thought, and then the British army held them out.
What was the BEF?
The British Expeditionary Force (125,000 men)
What happened on 19 August 1914?
Russia launched an attack on germany before they could capture paris. This made them retreat 40 miles. This battle ended in a stale mate.
What is a front?
An area where two armies meet each other
14 THINGS INSIDE A TRENCH ~ NEXT 14 CARDS
Duckboards
Placed on ground to stop soldiers sinking into the mud
Fire step
Used to look out and fire over the top of enemy trenches
Dugouts
Rooms dug out of the back wall of the trenches; Orders received by telephones
Periscope
Enabled troops to see over the top without having the risk of being shot
Barbed wire
Slowed down attacking troops
Machine gun
Rapid fire gun that shot down attacking troops
Concrete bunker
Reinforced subterranean bunker
Artillery
Huge guns that that fired enormous explosive or poisonous shells for miles
Machine gun nest
Protected the machine gunner from getting shot
Sandbags
Reinforced the walls muffled explosions and soaked up moisture
Aeroplanes
Helped spot targets for artilery. Dropped bombs on enemy and shot down enemy planes
Communication trench
Linked the front line trench to the reserved trench
Reserve trench
Soldiers went there to rest or wait to be called up to the front line
Gas bell
The bell rung to tell the troops to put their gas masks on
Trench rats
Rats that flooded the trenches on feeding off of other soldier’s dead bodies
What was food like in the war?
As more soldiers joined the army, each soldier got rationed( has a certain amount of food every day) This caused a lot of soldiers having a lack of energy, especially as they had to carry heavy guns and armour
What was trench foot?
A disease many soldiers used to get from being in cold and wet conditions. With them having to stand in wet mud for hours in cold wet boots, this caused their feet to go numb and turn their feet red or blue.
What was daily life like in the war?
It was very repetitive in the war; having to clean their weapons occasionaly in case they got jammed, writing letters, running errands, delivering things to other people and re-filling the sandbags.
What was the ‘ morning hate ‘?
This where soldiers went on the fire step to fire at the enemy lines as the sun rose for morning
What would the command ‘ stand to’ mean?
This was repeated at night, where groups of soldiers may be sent out to the deadly ‘ No Mans Land’
What is No mans land?
The place of open area between the allied troops and the enemy troops
Why was it called the great war?
Because no-one had experienced a war that involved so many soldiers and men.
What were the Trenches built like during WW1?
They were built in Traverses
