Science - Chemistry: Atomic Structure

Question 1

element

Answer 1

a substance made up of only 1 type of atom. each has a symbol

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

small particles that make up elements

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

the number of protons in an element

Question 4

atomic mass

Answer 4

the number of protons and neutrons in an element (decimal number because of all the isotopes)

Question 5

protons

Answer 5

positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom

Question 6

neutrons

Answer 6

neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom

Question 7

electrons

Answer 7

negatively charged particles that orbit an atom

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

made up of protons and neutrons. most of the mass of the atom is in the nucleus.

Question 9

neutral atom

Answer 9

elements on the periodic table. an equal mount of protons and electrons.

Question 10

isotope

Answer 10

atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons (e.g. carbon-13)

Question 11

mass of atom=

Answer 11

protons + neutrons

Question 12

charge of atom=

Answer 12

protons : electrons

Question 13

stability of atom=

Answer 13

neutrons : protons

Question 14

types of elements

Answer 14

metals, non-metals and metalloids

Question 15

periodic table

Answer 15

118 known elements. made up of groups and periods

Question 16

ion

Answer 16

an atom with a different number of protons to electrons. ions have a charge which can be negative or positive.

Question 17

cation

Answer 17

a positively charged ion. made when an atom loses electrons. (e.g. Mg2+)

Question 18

anion

Answer 18

a negatively charged ion. made when an atom gains electrons. (e.g. N3-)

Question 19

single atom

Answer 19

one atom of one element

Question 20

molecule

Answer 20

multiple atoms of one or more type of element

Question 21

crystal lattice

Answer 21

a grid like atomic structure with one or more elements

Question 22

metals

Answer 22

• lustrous
• malleable
• ductile
• good conductors of electricity

Question 23

metalloids

Answer 23

• brittle
• lustrous
• semi-conductors of electricity

Question 24

non-metals

Answer 24

• brittle
• dull
• poor conductors of electricity

Question 25

group

Answer 25

shown along the x-axis of the periodic table. tells how many valence electrons there are in an element

Question 26

period

Answer 26

shown along the y-axis of the periodic table. tells how many shells there are in an element