Commerce - Australia's Legal System Flashcards

1
Q

Rule

A

Guidelines created by members of a group so they can work together in harmony

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2
Q

Law

A

Formal rule made to govern behaviours so society can live in harmony

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3
Q

Statute

A

Law made by parliament (legislation/Acts of Parliament)

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4
Q

Common Law

A

Unwritten laws based on legal precedents made by courts

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5
Q

Civil Case

A

Legal dispute between individuals/groups over breach of rights

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6
Q

Criminal Case

A
  • Individual accused of committing an illegal act harming individuals/society
  • Government takes it to court
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7
Q

Original Jurisdiction

A

The power of a court to hear a case for the first time

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8
Q

Appellate Jurisdiction

A

The power of a court to hear a case on appeal

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9
Q

Aggravating Factor

A

Details about offence/offender that increase severity of sentence

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10
Q

Mitigating Factor

A

Details about offence/offender that reduce severity of sentence

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11
Q

Fairness

A

Principle:
- Fair processes and fair hearings
- Parties have opportunity to know the facts
- Can present their side
- Pre-hearing and hearing should be fair/impartial

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12
Q

Equality

A

Principle:
- Equal before law and equal opportunity to present case
- Provides people at a disadvantage with additional help to ensure equality
- Doesn’t mean everyone is treated the same

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13
Q

Access

A

All people should be able to understand their legal rights and pursue their case

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14
Q

Burden of Proof

A

An obligation for a party to prove a case, usually resting with the prosecution

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15
Q

Standard of Proof

A

The extent to which a case must be proved

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16
Q

Presumption of Innocence

A

The right that one accused of a crime is presumed/treated as innocent until proven guilty

17
Q

Jury

A

Independent group of people chosen at random to decide on a verdict in a case

18
Q

Magistrate

A

The person who presides over Lower Court proceedings (particularly Magistrates’ Court)

19
Q

Judge

A

The person who presides over Higher Court proceedings (particularly Country and Supreme Court)