SCIENCE CHEMISTRY Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
a branch of Science that deals with the the study of matter, its changes and the properties it undergoes.
What is Matter?
anything that occupies space and has mass. Solid, Liquid and Gas
What is Atom?
Basic unit of matter which comes from the Greek word, atomos, consists of sub-atomic particles.
What does Atomos mean?
Indivisible or cannot be divided.
What are the sub-atomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
What is Proton?
positively charged particle
What is Electron?
negatively charged particle
What is Neutron?
uncharged particle
What are Molecules?
are particles that are made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What are examples of Molecules?
oxygen, water, ozone, nitrogen, table salt, sugar.
What are Compounds?
two or more atoms of different elements join together.
All compounds are ____ but not all Molecules are _____
molecules, compounds
What is Volume?
is the measure of the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up.
What is compressibility?
is a measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure.
What is Diffusion?
movement of atoms, ions or molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
What are solids?
Molecules are in fixed positions, very close to each other, hard and does not flow, fixed volume and shape, not easily compressible, extremely slow rate of diffusion
What are liquids?
, particles are free to move and close to each other, assumes the shape of the container, non-compressible, slow rate of diffusion.
What are gases?
arrangement of particles are far from each other and move freely in empty space. Flows easily, assumes the shape and volume of the container, easily compressible, fast rate of diffusion.
What is Phase change?
is a process of changing a state of matter to another without a change in chemical composition.
What are the reactions ?
Endothermic, Exothermic
What is Endothermic?
take in energy and temperature of the surroundings decrease
What are the characteristics of Endothermic?
melting, vaporization, sublimation.
What is Exothermic?
reactions or processes that release energy
Characteristics of Exothermic?
freezing, condensation, deposition
What is Melting? What are the examples?
is a process that causes a substance to change from solid to liquid. Ice melts, butter melts
What is Vaporization? What are the examples?
is a process that causes a substance to change from liquid to gas. Boiling water, drying clothes
What is sublimation? Examples?
is a process that causes a substance to change from solid to gas. Dry ice, moth balls
What is freezing? Examples?
is a process that causes a substance to change from liquid to solid. Freezing of water, formation of snow
What is Condensation? Examples?
is a process that causes a substance to change from gas to liquid. Dew on the grass, steamy bathroom mirror
What is Deposition? Examples?
From gas to solid. Water vapor to ice
What is Intermolecular Forces?
Exists between molecules
What does Intermolecular forces decrease? What does it increase?
melting, vaporization and sublimation. Freezing, condensation, deposition
What is Intramolecular Forces?
it holds atoms together within a molecule
What is a particle?
nature of matter
Matter is ____ in nature therefore matter is composed of ____
particulate, particle
What is the Particle theory of Matter?
all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms, there is empty space between the particles, particles are in constant motion, there are forces that act between the particles.
What are the properties of matter?
Physical properties and Chemical Properties
What are physical Properties?
are observed physically about the substance at its natural state
What are the natural states of physical properties?
intensive and extensive
What is intensive?
do not depend on the amount of matter that the substance has (color, density, temperature, hardness)
What is Extensive ?
are physical properties that depend on the amount of matter (mass, volume, length, weight)
Can extensive and intensive properties be measured with changing the substance’s chemical identity? Why?
No, because they are physical properties
What are Chemical properties?
Are observed when the substances chemically changes into an entirely new substance during a chemical change.
what are examples of chemical properties?
cooking, rotting, burning, rusting.
What are the evidences of chemical properties?
change in color, odor, bubbles appear, formation of insoluble solid or precipitate.
