Science Chapter 8-9 Flashcards
The ability to cause change.
Energy
Stored energy due to the interaction between objects or particles.
Potential Energy
The energy stored in and released from the bonds between atoms.
Chemical Energy
The energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom.
Nuclear Energy
Energy due to motion.
Kinetic Energy
The energy in an electric current
Electric Energy
An object’s __________ is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up the object.
Thermal Energy
Carried by sound waves.
Sound Energy
A ____ is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter
Wave
The energy carried by electromagnetic waves
Radiant Energy
Which term describes energy stored in and released from the bonds between atoms? A. chemical energy B. kinetic energy C. mechanical energy D. nuclear energy
A. Chemical Energy
Which refers to a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter? A. wave B. wavelength C. potential energy D. thermal energy
A. Wave
What type of energy provides the warmth from the Sun? A. chemical energy B. nuclear energy C. potential energy D. radiant energy
D. Radiant Energy
The __________________________ that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Law of Conversation of Energy
When energy moves from one object to another without changing form, an ___________ occurs.
Energy Transfer
When one form of energy is converted to another form of energy, an ___________________ occurs.
Energy Transformation
The transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force.
Work
A system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment.
Open System
A system that does not exchange matter or energy with the environment
Closed System
An energy resource that is replaced as fast as, or faster than, it is used.
Renewable Energy Resource
Energy resources that are available in limited amounts or that are used faster than they can be replaced
Nonrenewable Energy Resource
Which term refers the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force? A. conservation B. work C. closed system D. open system
B. Work
A car’s engine is an example of which of these? A. closed system B. energy resource C. geothermal energy D. open system
D. Open System
Which is an example of biomass?A. open system B. solar energy C. nonrenewable energy resource D. renewable energy resource
D. Renewable Energy Resource
The kinetic molecular theory explains how particles move and has three major points. What are they?
•All matter is made of particles. •Particles are in constant, random motion. •Particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.
Temperature
The transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter.
Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic
Radiation
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another.
Convection
The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
Vaporization
A material in which thermal energy moves quickly.
Thermal Conductor
A material in which thermal energy moves slowly.
Thermal Insulator
Which term refers to the transfer of thermal energy between particles in matter? A. conduction B. convection C. heat D. radiation
A. Conduction
Which describes the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. vaporization
B. Convection
What is the change of state from a gas directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state? A. deposition B. melting C. sublimation D. vaporization
A. Deposition
Which describes the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy in a system? A. mechanical energy B. nuclear energy C. sound energy D. thermal energy
A. Mechanical Energy
Which refers to energy due to motion? A. electric energy B. kinetic energy C. potential energy D. radiant energy
B. Kinetic Energy
Which term refers to an energy resource that is replaced as fast as, or faster than, it is used? A. fossil fuel B. natural gas C. nonrenewable energy resource D. renewable energy resource
D. Nonrenewable Energy Resource
Which term refers to a system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment? A. closed system B. energy resource C. open system D. solar energy
C. Open System
Which refers to the movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature? A. conduction B. deposition C. heat D. vaporization
C. Heat
Which term refers to the ability to cause change? A. energy B. heat C. wave D. work
A. Energy
If an object has mass and height above Earth’s surface, what type of energy does it have? A. gravitational potential energy B. kinetic energy C. nuclear energy D. radiant energy
A. Gravitational Potential Energy
What type of energy is stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom? A. chemical energy B. nuclear energy C. radiant energy D. thermal energy
B. Nuclear Energy
Which term refers to energy resources that are available in limited amounts or that are used faster than they can be replaced in nature? A. energy transfer B. solar energy C. nonrenewable energy resources D. renewable energy resources
C. Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Which is a material in which thermal energy moves slowly? A. radiation B. kinetic energy C. thermal conductor D. thermal insulator
D. Thermal Insulator
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.
Wave
A wave that can travel only through matter
Mechanical Wave
A material in which a mechanical wave travels
Medium
Makes particles in a medium move at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction the wave travels.
Transverse Wave
The highest points on a transverse wave
Crest
The lowest points on a transverse wave
Troughs
Makes the particles in a medium move parallel to the direction that the wave travels.
Longitude Wave
Which term refers to what happens when waves bounce A. absorption B. reflection C. refraction D. transmission
B. Reflection
Each vibration of an object produces which of these? A. one compression B. one rarefaction C. one wavelength D. two wavelengths
C. One Wavelength
Every object gives off which of these? A. electromagnetic waves B. longitudinal waves C. mechanical waves D. transverse waves
A. Electromagnetic Waves
Which describes a material in which a mechanical wave travels? A. crest B. medium C. rarefaction D. trough
B. Medium
Which is the source of energy that produce all mechanical waves? A. Water B. vibrating objects C. troughs D. crests
B. Vibrating Objects
Which occurs when energy carried by a wave transfers to the material in which it is traveling? A. absorption B. reflection C. refraction D. transmission
A. Absorption
The regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles in the medium are closest together
Compressions
The regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles are farthest apart
Rarefaction
Can travel through a vacuum and through matter.
Electromagnetic Wave
The _______ of a transverse wave is the maximum distance the particles in a medium move from their rest position as the wave passes.
Amplitude
The __________ of a wave is the distance from one point on a wave to the nearest point just like it.
Wavelength
The _______ of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.
Frequency
Occurs when energy carried by a wave transfers to the material in which it is traveling.
Absorption
Occurs when waves pass through a material.
Transmission
Occurs when waves bounce off the surface of a material.
Reflection
According to the _________, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection for all waves.
Law of Reflection
Occurs when a wave changes direction because its speed changes.
Refraction
The change in direction of a wave when it travels by the edge of an object or through an opening
Diffraction
Occurs when waves that overlap combine to form a new wave.
Interference
Which is the only type of wave that can travel through a vacuum? A. electromagnetic wave B. longitudinal wave C. mechanical wave D. transverse wave
A. Electromagnetic Wave
To measure the wavelength of a transverse wave, you can measure the distance from one crest to which of these? A. the next crest B. the next trough C. the next compression D. the next rarefaction
A. The next Crest
Which refers to the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second? A. amplitude B. compression C. frequency D. wavelength
C. Frequency
What can you calculate by multiplying wavelength and frequency? A. amplitude B. vibration C. wave height D. wave speed
D. Wave Speed
Which occurs when a wave changes direction because its speed changes? A. diffraction B. interference C. reflection D. refraction
D. Refraction
Which occurs when waves that overlap combine to form a new wave? A. diffraction B. interference C. reflection D. refraction
B. Interference
According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals which of these? A. the angle of refraction B. the angle of reflection C. the angle of interference D. the angle of diffraction
B. The Angle of Reflection
Which type of wave makes particles in a medium move at right angles to the direction the wave travels? A. longitudinal wave B. mechanical wave C. seismic wave D. transverse wave
D. Transverse Wave
Which term describes the back-and-forth or up-and-down movement of an object? A. compressions B. crests C. troughs D. vibrations
D. Vibration
Which describes the maximum distance the particles in a medium move from their rest position as the wave passes? A. a wave’s wavelength B. a wave’s speed C. a wave’s frequency D. a wave’s amplitude
D. A Wave’s Amplitude
What happens to the particles in the compressions when the amplitude of a longitudinal wave increases? A. They get closer together. B. They get further apart. C. They are unchanged. D. They cannot be measured.
A. They get closer together
