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Karla Montesinos > Science Chapter 8-9 > Flashcards

Science Chapter 8-9 Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to cause change.

A

Energy

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2
Q

Stored energy due to the interaction between objects or particles.

A

Potential Energy

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3
Q

The energy stored in and released from the bonds between atoms.

A

Chemical Energy

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4
Q

The energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom.

A

Nuclear Energy

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5
Q

Energy due to motion.

A

Kinetic Energy

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6
Q

The energy in an electric current

A

Electric Energy

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7
Q

An object’s __________ is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up the object.

A

Thermal Energy

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8
Q

Carried by sound waves.

A

Sound Energy

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9
Q

A ____ is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter

A

Wave

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10
Q

The energy carried by electromagnetic waves

A

Radiant Energy

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11
Q

Which term describes energy stored in and released from the bonds between atoms? A. chemical energy B. kinetic energy C. mechanical energy D. nuclear energy

A

A. Chemical Energy

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12
Q

Which refers to a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter? A. wave B. wavelength C. potential energy D. thermal energy

A

A. Wave

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13
Q

What type of energy provides the warmth from the Sun? A. chemical energy B. nuclear energy C. potential energy D. radiant energy

A

D. Radiant Energy

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14
Q

The __________________________ that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

A

Law of Conversation of Energy

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15
Q

When energy moves from one object to another without changing form, an ___________ occurs.

A

Energy Transfer

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16
Q

When one form of energy is converted to another form of energy, an ___________________ occurs.

A

Energy Transformation

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17
Q

The transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force.

A

Work

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18
Q

A system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment.

A

Open System

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19
Q

A system that does not exchange matter or energy with the environment

A

Closed System

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20
Q

An energy resource that is replaced as fast as, or faster than, it is used.

A

Renewable Energy Resource

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21
Q

Energy resources that are available in limited amounts or that are used faster than they can be replaced

A

Nonrenewable Energy Resource

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22
Q

Which term refers the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force? A. conservation B. work C. closed system D. open system

A

B. Work

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23
Q

A car’s engine is an example of which of these? A. closed system B. energy resource C. geothermal energy D. open system

A

D. Open System

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24
Q

Which is an example of biomass?A. open system B. solar energy C. nonrenewable energy resource D. renewable energy resource

A

D. Renewable Energy Resource

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25
Q

The kinetic molecular theory explains how particles move and has three major points. What are they?

A

•All matter is made of particles. •Particles are in constant, random motion. •Particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container.

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26
Q

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.

A

Temperature

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27
Q

The transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter.

A

Conduction

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28
Q

The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic

A

Radiation

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29
Q

The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another.

A

Convection

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30
Q

The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

A

Vaporization

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31
Q

A material in which thermal energy moves quickly.

A

Thermal Conductor

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32
Q

A material in which thermal energy moves slowly.

A

Thermal Insulator

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33
Q

Which term refers to the transfer of thermal energy between particles in matter? A. conduction B. convection C. heat D. radiation

A

A. Conduction

34
Q

Which describes the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. vaporization

A

B. Convection

35
Q

What is the change of state from a gas directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state? A. deposition B. melting C. sublimation D. vaporization

A

A. Deposition

36
Q

Which describes the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy in a system? A. mechanical energy B. nuclear energy C. sound energy D. thermal energy

A

A. Mechanical Energy

37
Q

Which refers to energy due to motion? A. electric energy B. kinetic energy C. potential energy D. radiant energy

A

B. Kinetic Energy

38
Q

Which term refers to an energy resource that is replaced as fast as, or faster than, it is used? A. fossil fuel B. natural gas C. nonrenewable energy resource D. renewable energy resource

A

D. Nonrenewable Energy Resource

39
Q

Which term refers to a system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment? A. closed system B. energy resource C. open system D. solar energy

A

C. Open System

40
Q

Which refers to the movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature? A. conduction B. deposition C. heat D. vaporization

A

C. Heat

41
Q

Which term refers to the ability to cause change? A. energy B. heat C. wave D. work

A

A. Energy

42
Q

If an object has mass and height above Earth’s surface, what type of energy does it have? A. gravitational potential energy B. kinetic energy C. nuclear energy D. radiant energy

A

A. Gravitational Potential Energy

43
Q

What type of energy is stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom? A. chemical energy B. nuclear energy C. radiant energy D. thermal energy

A

B. Nuclear Energy

44
Q

Which term refers to energy resources that are available in limited amounts or that are used faster than they can be replaced in nature? A. energy transfer B. solar energy C. nonrenewable energy resources D. renewable energy resources

A

C. Nonrenewable Energy Resources

45
Q

Which is a material in which thermal energy moves slowly? A. radiation B. kinetic energy C. thermal conductor D. thermal insulator

A

D. Thermal Insulator

46
Q

A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.

A

Wave

47
Q

A wave that can travel only through matter

A

Mechanical Wave

48
Q

A material in which a mechanical wave travels

A

Medium

49
Q

Makes particles in a medium move at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction the wave travels.

A

Transverse Wave

50
Q

The highest points on a transverse wave

A

Crest

51
Q

The lowest points on a transverse wave

A

Troughs

52
Q

Makes the particles in a medium move parallel to the direction that the wave travels.

A

Longitude Wave

53
Q

Which term refers to what happens when waves bounce A. absorption B. reflection C. refraction D. transmission

A

B. Reflection

54
Q

Each vibration of an object produces which of these? A. one compression B. one rarefaction C. one wavelength D. two wavelengths

A

C. One Wavelength

55
Q

Every object gives off which of these? A. electromagnetic waves B. longitudinal waves C. mechanical waves D. transverse waves

A

A. Electromagnetic Waves

56
Q

Which describes a material in which a mechanical wave travels? A. crest B. medium C. rarefaction D. trough

A

B. Medium

57
Q

Which is the source of energy that produce all mechanical waves? A. Water B. vibrating objects C. troughs D. crests

A

B. Vibrating Objects

58
Q

Which occurs when energy carried by a wave transfers to the material in which it is traveling? A. absorption B. reflection C. refraction D. transmission

A

A. Absorption

59
Q

The regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles in the medium are closest together

A

Compressions

60
Q

The regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles are farthest apart

A

Rarefaction

61
Q

Can travel through a vacuum and through matter.

A

Electromagnetic Wave

62
Q

The _______ of a transverse wave is the maximum distance the particles in a medium move from their rest position as the wave passes.

A

Amplitude

63
Q

The __________ of a wave is the distance from one point on a wave 
to the nearest point just like it.

A

Wavelength

64
Q

The _______ of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.

A

Frequency

65
Q

Occurs when 
energy carried by a wave 
transfers to the material in 
which it is traveling.

A

Absorption

66
Q

Occurs when waves pass through a material.

A

Transmission

67
Q

Occurs when 
waves bounce off the 
surface of a material.

A

Reflection

68
Q

According to the _________, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection for all waves.

A

Law of Reflection

69
Q

Occurs when a wave changes direction because its speed changes.

A

Refraction

70
Q

The change in direction of a wave when it travels by the edge of an object or through an opening

A

Diffraction

71
Q

Occurs when waves that overlap combine to form a new wave.

A

Interference

72
Q

Which is the only type of 
wave that can travel through 
a vacuum? A. electromagnetic wave B. longitudinal wave C. mechanical wave D. transverse wave

A

A. Electromagnetic Wave

73
Q

To measure the wavelength 
of a transverse wave, you can measure the distance from one crest to which of these? A. the next crest B. the next trough C. the next compression D. the next rarefaction

A

A. The next Crest

74
Q

Which refers to the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second? A. amplitude B. compression C. frequency D. wavelength

A

C. Frequency

75
Q

What can you calculate by multiplying wavelength and frequency? A. amplitude B. vibration C. wave height D. wave speed

A

D. Wave Speed

76
Q

Which occurs when a wave changes direction because its speed changes? A. diffraction B. interference C. reflection D. refraction

A

D. Refraction

77
Q

Which occurs when waves that overlap combine to form a new wave? A. diffraction B. interference C. reflection D. refraction

A

B. Interference

78
Q

According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals which of these? A. the angle of refraction B. the angle of reflection C. the angle of interference D. the angle of diffraction

A

B. The Angle of Reflection

79
Q

Which type of wave makes particles in a medium move at right angles to the direction the wave travels? A. longitudinal wave B. mechanical wave C. seismic wave D. transverse wave

A

D. Transverse Wave

80
Q

Which term describes the back-and-forth or up-and-down movement of an object? A. compressions B. crests C. troughs D. vibrations

A

D. Vibration

81
Q

Which describes the maximum distance the particles in a medium move from their rest position as the wave passes? A. a wave’s wavelength B. a wave’s speed C. a wave’s frequency D. a wave’s amplitude

A

D. A Wave’s Amplitude

82
Q

What happens to the particles in the compressions when the amplitude of a longitudinal wave increases? A. They get closer together. B. They get further apart. C. They are unchanged. D. They cannot be measured.

A

A. They get closer together

Karla Montesinos (15 decks)

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