Science - Chapter 1 Flashcards
What do we use to classify organisms?
The skills of observation and comparison.
What does it mean to “classify”?
To put things into groups.
Why do we classify?
Classification can help to organize information about organisms. But just knowing what category an organism is in, much can be known about it.
What is a Classification System?
A Classification System lists organisms in a series of groups. Today’s system has been developed by many people over many years.
How many classification kingdoms exist today and what are their names?
There are six kingdoms today. They are: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungae, Plants, Animals.
What is a KINGDOM?
The highest or more general group of organisms.
What is a PHYLUM?
The next level of classification below kingdom.
What is a CLASS?
The level of classification below PHYLUM.
What is SPECIES?
The lowest level of the classification system.
What are three characteristics of animals?
- They are multi cellular (made of more than one cell).
- They can’t make their own food.
- They can move on their own during part or all of their lives.
How many PHYLA are today in the Animal Kingdom?
More than 30 phyla.
What is the name of the phylum of organisms that have SPINAL CORDS?
CHORDATA
What is one SUBPHYLUM of of CHORDATA?
VERTEBRATES. They are animals with backbones/spine that surround the spinal cord.
What are the different classes of the VERTEBRATE SUBPHYLUM?
Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and three classes of fish.
Characteristics of MAMMALS? Humans / Cows
- Breathe air with lungs.
- Make milk for their young.
- Warm blood.
- Have hair or fur.
Lifecycle of MAMMALS?
- Birth
- Grow
- Reproduce
- Death
What are the differences and similarities between reptiles and mammals?
Similarities:
1. Their lungs and stomachs are similar.
2. Their heads have the same arrangements of eyes, nose and mouth.
Differences:
1. They don’t have any hair or fur.
2. They have tough, dry skin with scales.
3. Cold blooded
Life Cycle of Reptiles? SNAKE / LIZARD
Very similar to mammals. 1. They look like their parents. Difference: 1. They lay eggs. 2. When they hatch, they are ready to live on their own.
Characteristics of BIRDS? PIGEONS/DOVES
- Warm blooded
- They have organs such as eyes, tongues, bones (hollow).
- They have FEATHERS.
- Not all birds can fly (penguins)
- They all have beaks and lay hard shelled eggs.
Life Cycle of BIRDS?
Very similar to a reptile’s life cycle. They are born from eggs.
Difference with reptiles, is that baby birds have to be fed by their parents.
Bird Feathers?
Shaped like airplane wings.
Front edge is thick and back is thin.
Characteristics of Amphibians? FROGS/TOADS/SALAMANDER
They are like reptiles in many ways. 1. They are similar in shape. 2. They are cold blooded 3. They both lay eggs. They are different from reptiles because: 1. Their skin is soft and moist 2. Their skin absorbs water and oxygen.
Life Cycle of AMPHIBIANS?
They have a very different life cycle than the other vertebrates.
- They hatch from eggs.
- They grow legs
- Tail gets shorter
- They develop lungs and stop getting oxygen through gills. Then they begin to live on land.
What is METAMORPHOSIS?
It’s the kind of large change that happens during the lifetime of amphibians.
Characteristics of FISH?
- They live in the water
- They get oxygen through gills
- Most of them have scales
- They have a slimy coating that helps water flow past them.
Life Cycle of FISH?
They are like reptiles.
- They hatch from eggs.
- They can feed themselves right away.
What does DINOSAUR mean?
It means “terrible lizard”.
Compare LIZARDS to DINOSAURS?
SIMILARITIES:
1. They had skeletons with backbones’
2. They had scales.
3. Many walked in four legs.
DIFFERENCES:
1. Dinosaur legs go almost straight down from their bodies.
2. Lizard legs stick out more from the sides.
Compare DINOSAURS to BIRDS?
SIMILARITIES:
- Some dinosaurs had feathers and a wishbone.
- They had a heart similar to birds or mammals hearts.
What are invertebrates?
They are animals that have NO BACKBONE. There are more than a million species.
Name some kinds of INVERTEBRATES?
- Mollusks
- Worms
- Cnidarians
- Arthropods
MOLLUSKS
- soft body without bone
- snails, slugs, clams, squids
- Some have a hard shell to avoid being eaten.
- Some get oxygen using gills.
- Some are able to absorb oxygen through their skin.
WORMS
- They belong to many different PHYLA
- Flatworms: flat and very thin. they live in wet or damp places
- Roundworms: can live in water or on land.
- Earthworms: they live in wet or damp places.
- Some are microscopic and some are huge.
ARTHROPODS
- Insects, lobsters and spiders.
- Arthropod means “jointed feet”
- They have bodies that are divided into separate parts.
- They are all invertebrate.
What is used to identify an organism?
A DICHOTOMUS KEY. you answer a series of questions and follow the arrow with the correct answer.
MOSSES
No Vascular
No Seeds
No Flowers
FERNS
Yes Vascular
No Seeds
No Flowers
CONIFERS
Yes Vascular
Yes Seeds
No Flowers
FLOWERING PLANTS
Yes Vascular
Yes Seeds
Yes Flowers
FUNGI KINGDOM
Mushrooms / Yeast
1. They are not plants because they can’t make their own food.
PROTIST KINGDOM
Algae /
- Mostly single cells
- Some live in colonies
- Some live inside the digestive system of animals such as cows and termites and help them digest. They would die without the protists.
EUBACTERIA KINGDOM
- Single cell
- Many different shapes
- Some have tails that wiggle and move them through water
ARCHAEBACTERIA KINGDOM
- Single cell
- They can survive in environments that are deadly to other kinds of animals.
- Some can live in salty water or hot, acid springs.
