Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > SCIENCE CELLS > Flashcards

SCIENCE CELLS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell wall

A

a cell wall is a touch covering around plant cells, bacteria cells, fungi cells and some Protista cells is the cell wall. It gives plant cells the strength to hold them in shape. Plant cells are made from a substance called cellulose. Water and dissolved substances can pass through cell walls. animal cells do not have a cell wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is chloroplast

A

chloroplast is found in plant cells and some unicellular organisms. Chloroplast are oval shaped organelles that are mostly found in plant cells. They have a green substance called chlorophyll. Chloroplast use energy from the sun to make food this is also called photosynthesis. Chloroplast is not found in all plant cells only ones in stem and leaf cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are ribosomes

A

ribosomes is what proteins are made up of.They make up hair and nails, they are found in blood to help transport oxygen. found in plant and animal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is golgi apparatus

A

golgi apparatus functions as a factory that protiens received from ER are further processed and sorted for transport. found in plant and animal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of Mitosis

A

a cell that duplicates all of its contents including its chromosomes and splits to form two identical daughter cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the surface of a cell

A

the surface of a cell is called a cell membrane and a cell membrane acts as a barrier to allow substances in and out like oxygen and waste.
if the cell is to large the substances would not be able to reach all parts of the cell due to large volume to surface area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Organisation of levels of multicellular organisms(most complex to less)

A

system
organs
tissue
cell
organelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is mitochondria

A

mitochondria makes energy for the cell through a process known as cellular respiration. found in plant and animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a Vacuole

A

a vacuole stores water, waste and nutrients. Usually a plant cell has a larger vacuole. A vacuole helps mantain their shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference and similarities between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic

A

a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and is multicellular has a cell membrane and other membrane bound organelles.
a prokaryotic cell doesnt contain a nucleus is unicellular and does not contain other membrane bound organelles.

they both contain ribosomes and a cell wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nerve cells

A

A long thin fibre that quickly carry’s messages from one cell to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sperm cell

A

A long tail that helps it to swim towards the egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscle cell

A

contains fibers that contract and relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Skin cell

A

A flat cell that lines the outside surface of your body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Red Blood Cell

A

A very tiny cell that loses their nucleus when mature then more room is allowed to carry more oxygen throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Guard cell

A

kidney shaped cell that can change shape to either close or open a small hole between them which allows gas exchange between the plant and its environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phloem cells

A

Sieve like cells that form tubes that carry food made in leaves to other parts of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Xylem cell

A

thick walled cells that carry water up the plant to the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Root Hair cells

A

cells with small hair that can increase their surface area so they can absorb more water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Leaf cell

A

function is to photosynthesis so is packed with chloroplast

21
Q

Epidermal cell

A

found on the outside of the plant to protect cells underneath and is a flat cell and transparent to allow light in.

22
Q

cellular respiration

A

A chemical process that converts glucose and oxygen to energy, water and carbon dioxide. all living things carry out this process.

23
Q

Electron microscope

A

was built in 1931 by Ernest ruska and max knoll
some disadvantages were the vacuum and the heat
TEM- transmission electron microscope shows the internal structure of cells

SEM- scanning electron microscope shows images of surface features.

24
Q

Difference and similarities between fungal cells and plant cells

A

They both contain a nucleus and both eukaryotic. however plant cells have chloroplast. and plant cells have a cell wall made out of cellulose and fungal cells have one made out of chitin.

25
Q

Why are cells so small

A

cells need to be small because they need to be able to quickly take in substances needed and remove waste.
the bigger the cell the longer this process would take.

26
Q

History of cells

A

in 1665 robert hooke was using magnifying lenses to look at thin slices of cork, when doing this he saw box-like shapes and decided to call them cells

27
Q

Field of view

A

the field of view gets larger when the magnification decreases

the field of view gets smaller when the magnification increases

28
Q

What are cells

A

cells are the basic building blocks of all living things

29
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. cells make up all living things
  2. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
  3. all new cells are produced by pre existing cells
30
Q

What is resolution

A

resolution is what we can see, separate and distinguish between to separate structures that are positioned together

higher resolution=more image detail.

31
Q

Millimeters, Micrometers, Nanometers

A

millimeters is 1 thousandth of a metre, micrometers are 1 millionth of a metre, and nanometers are 1 billionth of a metre.

32
Q

How do you calculate magnification

A

The eyepiece lens times the objective lens to give the total magnification

33
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough ER
- Contains ribosomes
- used to make and transport proteins

Smooth ER
- No ribosomes
- used to produce fat for the cell
- transports substances

found in plant and animal cells

34
Q

Light microscope

A

Binocular- uses 2 eyes
Monocular- uses 1 eye
stereo microscope- a type of microscope that allows us to see detail of much larger specimen

35
Q

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron

A

a light microscope uses light rays while an electron uses small particles of electron to illuminate the specimen being viewed

36
Q

Organisms

A

Organisms can be one cell unicellular or different types of cells multicellular. these cells have organelles that perform a specific function to keep the organism alive

37
Q

Multicellular

A

Many different types of cells that have different jobs. Each cell will be structured differently to suit its role. this could change in the number of a particular organelle

38
Q

Rules when drawing

A
  • Draw only few cells
  • Use pencil
  • Label diagram
  • Record magnification
  • Do not shade
39
Q

Unicellular

A

Unicellular organisms need to be able to carry out all process themselves. They also need to reproduce by themselves by dividing into two ( a half) a process called Binary Fission

40
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA and controls the cell growth and instructs to replicate in plant and animals

41
Q

How to tell if a cell is a plant or an animal

A

A plant cell has a larger vacuole, has a cell membrane and a cell wall and chloroplast.

An animal cell has a smaller vacuole and just a cell membrane.

42
Q

Stage

A

A platform where the slide is positioned with clips to hold it in place.

43
Q

Light source

A

A bulb that projects light up through the slide to the eyepiece.

44
Q

Eyepiece

A

The lens that the operator looks through.

45
Q

Body tube

A

A tube that the eyepiece and nosepiece are attached to.

46
Q

Adjustment knob

A

Move the stage up or down and assists in focusing; can be coarse or fine.

47
Q

Objective lens

A

Lenses used to see the detail of the specimen; can be low power or high power.

48
Q

Base

A

Supports and stabilises the microscope.

49
Q

Arm

A

Holds the body tube and can be used as a handle for holding the microscope when carrying.

Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions