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SCIENCE BODY SYSTEMS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Most complex to least complex level of organisation

A

organ system-organ-tissue-cell

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2
Q

TISSUES


A

different types of tissues work together to create an organ

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3
Q

WHAT IS AN EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

Epithelial- Made of cells that form surfaces over other organs EG)skin.

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4
Q

WHAT IS AN SKELETAL TISSUE

A

Skeletal- Supports and protects the body and permits movement

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5
Q

WHAT IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Connective- supports and holds other tissues together in the body EG)blood,fat,bone.

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6
Q

WHAT IS A BLOOD TISSUE

A

Blood- Carries oxygen and food substances around the body.

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7
Q

WHAT IS A MUSCLE TISSUE

A

Tissues that contract, becoming shorter and fatter EG) Biceps in ur arm

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8
Q

WHAT IS A NERVE TISSUE

A

Nerve- Sends electrical signals around the body EG)spinal cord.

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9
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN THE HEART 


A

Supports components of the heart and forms the valves inside the heart.

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10
Q

NERVE TISSUE IN THE HEART 


A


Generates signals that cause the beating of the heart

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11
Q

MUSCLE TISSUE IN THE HEART


A

Made up of cardiac muscle that helps the heart pump without getting tired.

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12
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUE IN THE HEART 


A


Forms layers of the heart

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 


A

A collection of organs that help break down food so it can be absorbed by the body. EG) Stomach, Intestine, Liver

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14
Q

WHAT IS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 


A

carries oxygen and nutrients around the body via blood EG) Blood, Blood vessels, Heart

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE EXCETORY SYSTEM 


A

Removes waste products from the body EG) Kidney and Bladder

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 


A

Helps bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide EG) Trachea and lungs

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17
Q

WHAT IS THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM


A

Muscles of the skeleton which help move and support the body EG)muscle, skeleton

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18
Q

WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM


A

Sends and receives messages throughout the body EG) Brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

WHAT IS THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 


A

Enables the production of off spring

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20
Q

TYPES OF TEETH

A

INCISORS= cutting and biting
CANINES= tearing and grasping
PREMOLARS AND MOLARS= grinding and crushing.

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21
Q

WHAT ARE ENZYMES

A

enzymes act as biological catalysts meaning they speed up reactions without being used up. In the digestive system system enzymes are used to break large,complex,insoluble food molecules into small simple soluble food molecules so that it can be absorbed into the blood stream.

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22
Q

CARBOHYDRATES

A

Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars like glucose by the enzyme amylase in the mouth

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23
Q

PROTEINS

A

Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin in the stomach

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24
Q

FATS

A

Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by the enzyme lipase in the small intestine.

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE EPIGLOTTIS AND WHERE IS IT LOCATED

A

A flap of skin that covers the top of the trachea when u are swallowing. It is located behind the tongue and in front of the larynx

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26
Q

WHAT IS THE OESOPHAGUS

A

A tube where food(bolus) is sent through with the process peristalsis.

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27
Q

WHAT IS PERISTALSIS

A

When we swallow food the muscles behind squee tight while the muscles In front relax. It helps water from undigested food be absorbed into the bloodstream.

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28
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LIVER AND GALL BLADDER

A

Both help break down fat and oils of food.
The liver produces a green substance called bile that breaks down fats and oils.
The gall bladder stores the bile until food reaches the small intestine.

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28
Q

PANCREAS FUNCTION

A

Makes pancreatic juice that helps neutralise stomach acid and creates enzymes.

29
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

A

When food reaches the large intestine its called chyme, water is absorbed from chyme resulting in a firm product.

30
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS

A

The rectum stores the remaining faecal matter, when the rectum starts to stretch it sends a signal to the brain to go to the bathroom. The anus is a ring of muscle that only stretches to remove waste.

31
Q

PROCESS OF DIGESTION IN DEPTH

A
  1. Food is ingested through the mouth
    Chemical digestion= enzymes in saliva break down the food.
    Mechanical digestion= Break down of food through teeth.
  2. Bolus is pushed down the oesophagus through a process known as peristalsis.
  3. Bolus enters the stomach
    Chemical digestion= Acids in the stomach further break down the food.
    Mechanical digestion= stomach churns the food
  4. Food enters the small intestine which absorbs the nutrients.
  5. The remaining mass passes the large intestine where the remaining nutrients and water is absorbed.
  6. The waste is stored in the retum and when it is full it sends a signal to be released from the anus.
32
Q

WHAT IS BURPING

A

Build-up of gas that is released from the mouth

33
Q

WHAT IS HEARTBURN

A

Burning pain in the chest when stomach acid rises up to the oesophagus

34
Q

WHAT IS FLATULENCE

A

Passing of wind

35
Q

WHAT IS DIARRHOEA

A

Undigested food moves to quickly through the intestines.

36
Q

WHAT IS VOMITING

A

When food is ejected out of the stomach, up the oesophagus and through the mouth.

37
Q

WHAT IS IN BLOOD

A

Red blood cells,white blood cells, blood platelets and plasma

38
Q

WHY IS BLOOD RED

A

Blood is red due to an iron-containing pigment called haemoglobin, when oxygen reacts with haemoglobin it creates oxyhaemoglobin and even redder colour. The change in colour shows the amount of oxygen being transported in blood at a time.

39
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO BLOOD WHEN IT LOSES A NUCLEUS

A

when red blood cells lose a nucleus it increases space to carry haemoglobin and oxygen.

40
Q

BLOOD’S SHAPE

A

Their biconcave shape means they have a large surface area which helps transporting oxygen

41
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN U CUT UR SELF

A

Platelets help clog and plug the damaged blood vessels.

42
Q

BLOOD VESSELS ARTIERS IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

Blood vessels called arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart. Blood travels through the artiers fast and under high pressure.

43
Q

VEINS IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

Veins transport deoxygenated blood to the heart. Blood flows at a low pressure so the valves stop blood from flowing backwards.

44
Q

CAPILLARIES

A

Materials exchanged between blood and cells through tiny blood vessels are called capillaries, located between arteries and veins.
The body contains 100,000km of capillaries which penetrate every tissue.
Capillaries transport substances to cells and remove carbon dioxide.

45
Q

THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

A

The heart has 4 chambers. 2 chambers collect blood from the lungs and pump it around the body, this blood contains oxygen.

2 chambers collect blood from the body and pump it to the lungs. This blood contains carbon dioxide

46
Q

PUMPS OF THE HEART

A

The heart has 2 pumps.
The first pump is in the right atrium and ventricle which sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs in order to exchange carbon dioxide with oxygen.

The second pump is in left atrium and ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body.

47
Q

WHAT IS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

A

Blood that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.

48
Q

WHAT IS OXYGENATED BLOOD

A

Blood that is high in oxygen

49
Q

WHAT IS THE PATH OF DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

A
  1. The deoxygenated blood is transported back to the heart and enters the vena cava.
  2. The blood enters the right atrium and passes down into the right ventricle.
  3. When the right ventricle fills up with blood, a valve closes to stop blood from going backwards.
  4. The heart pushes blood from the right ventricle and out of the heart via pulmonary artery.
  5. The blood moves into the lungs where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs. It becomes oxygenated here.
50
Q

WHAT IS THE PATH OF OXYGENATED BLOOD

A
  1. Oxygenated blood enters the heart via pulmonary vein.
  2. This oxygen which is rich in blood will enter the left atrium and pass down into the left ventricle.
  3. When the left ventricle fills up with blood, a valve closes to stop blood from going backwards.
  4. The heart then pushes blood out of the left ventricle and into the aorta,which transports blood to the body.
51
Q

WHY IS THE WALLS ON THE LEFT SIDE THICKER THAN THE ONES ON THE RIGHT.

A

They are thicker as they need enough force to push blood throughout the body, and the right only sends blood to the lungs.

52
Q

HOW DOES BLOOD PRESSURE OCCUR

A

Due to the force of blood pushing against the artery walls

53
Q

WHAT IS SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

A

When the heart muscles contract a higher pressure is created

54
Q

WHAT IS DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

A

When heart muscles relax, the pressure lowers.

55
Q

PROBLEMS THAT CAN HAPPEN IN THE HEART

A

Anaemia, hole in the heart and a coronary heart disease.

56
Q

WHAT ORGANS DOES FOOD NOT PASS

A

Pancreas, gallbladder and liver

57
Q

Which side contains oxygenated blood and which side contains deoxygenated blood.

A

The right side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood and the left side of the heart contains oxygenated blood

57
Q

Describe the role of the diaphragm and what happens to the diaphragm when we breathe in and out.

A

The role of the diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. When we breath in the diaphragm flattens and when we breath out it relaxes.

57
Q

Compare physical and chemical digestion.

A

Physical digestion is the mechanical breakdown of food for example the break down of food using your teeth, chemical digestion is when enzymes are used to break down nutrients

57
Q

What is absorbed in the small intestine

A

nutrients

57
Q

What is the trachea

A

A tube that carries air from ur mouth and nose to ur lungs

58
Q

What is the purpose of villi

A

Villi absorbs nutrients from the food that you eat and then shuttle them into your bloodstream so they can travel where they’re needed

59
Q

What is the rib cage

A

The rib cage protects the vital organs and blood vessels. It expands and contracts along with the lungs to allow for efficient breathing

60
Q

What is the difference between respiration and breathing

A

Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that cells perform in order to produce energy from food and breathing is a physical act of moving air into and out of the body, by inflating and deflating our lungs.

61
Q

what is water absorbed in

A

the large intestine

62
Q

how is the circulatory system related to digestive

A

blood carries nutrients to body cells

63
Q

what is the normal blood pressure

A

120/80

64
Q

emphysema is a condition that causes problems in which body system

A

respiratory

65
Q

what happens to a person’s heart rate as they continue to exercise

A

The amount of blood flow to the body cells increase to supply more oxygen to your muscles.

66
Q

What happens to the persons oxygen saturation as they continue to exercise

A

it decreases since oxygen is being used up to produce energy

67
Q

What happens to the person’s respiration rate as they continue to exercise

A

The persons respiration rate increases as it needs more air to travel to the lungs so more oxygen can be taken in to produce more energy

Science (4 decks)

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