Science Cards Flashcards

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1
Q

Do cancer cells perform any useful functions?

A

No, cancer cells don’t perform helpful/useful functions.

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2
Q

How do organisms usually get cancer cells?

A

Organisms get cancer cells from mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in the cell cycle.

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3
Q

What is cancer?

A

uncontrolled growth and multiplication of cells that may be harmless or deadly.

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4
Q

Cancer can result in what?

A

tumors

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5
Q

What do tumors look like

A

clumps of cells normally on the skin that grow into the veins

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6
Q

What is the trend in differences in cancerous cells and normal cells?

A

Cancer cells have less total cells in each cell cycle process while normal cells have more.

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7
Q

What are the three main ideas of cell theory?

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of function for all organisms, all cells come from pre-existing cells

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8
Q

What are three examples of ongoing advancements in microscopy?

A

Electron microscopes, staining, and centrifuges

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9
Q

What does radiation do?

A

It targets specific cells and destroys them.

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10
Q

What does the immune system do?

A

It helps detect the early developments of cancer cells and destroys them. However, sometimes cancer cells are able to avoid being detected.

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11
Q

What are protists?

A

Protists are not classified as plants or animals. They are eukaryotes, which means their cells have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. (most protists are single celled)

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12
Q

Is bacteria a protist?

A

No, bacteria does not belong in the protist kingdom because bacteria is prokaryotes meaning it does not have specialized organelles unlike protists.

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13
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

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14
Q

Who studied cork cells in 1665?

A

Robert Hooke

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15
Q

Who ground his own lenses to observe cells in 1670s?

A

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

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16
Q

Who identified and named all nucleus in plant cells?

A

Robert Brown

17
Q

Who suggested cells were the basic units of all living things?

A

Schleiden (plant cells 1838) and Schwann (animal cells 1839)

18
Q

Who popularized that cells came from other cells in 1858?

A

Virchow did

19
Q

Who originally came up with the idea that Virchow popularized?

A

Robert Remak

20
Q

What are the three main ideas of cell theory?

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of function for all organisms, all cells come from pre-existing cells

21
Q

What are three examples of ongoing advancements in microscopy?

A

Electron microscopes, staining, and centrifuges

22
Q

What are the three modern cell theory additions?

A

energy flow occurs in cells, cells contain DNA, in organisms of similar species all cells are basically the same in chemical composition

23
Q

What does diffusion result in?

A

dynamic equilibrium

24
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

continuous movement but no overall change

25
Q

What is diffusion

A

the net movement of particles dissolved in water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

26
Q

When does facilitated diffusion occur?

A

When larger molecules and charged particles are moved(by a carrier protien and no use of energy) from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

28
Q

What does active transport do?

A

requires use of energy to move solids or liquids against the concentration gradient

29
Q

What is plasmolosis?

A

when osmosis causes cell water loss

30
Q

How does pickling work

A

Soaking things in a salty colution causes water to leave it’s cells, making the concentration inside them equal to the concentration in the salty water around it

31
Q

Why does pickling get rid of bacteria?

A

The bacteria around the thing that’s being pickled are also drained of thier water, causing them to shrivel and die