DNA History And Central Dogma Quiz Flashcards
What did the discovery of DNA require?
collaborative efforts of scientists over the years
When did Franklin, Watson, And Crick make their discovery?
1952-1953
What did Franklin, Watson, And Crick do?
They developed a double helix model of
DNA based on X-ray crystallography/photographs and models.
What did the Double Helix Model Explain?
It explained how DNA is replicated and how it can
changed/mutated, and that heredity info is transmitted.
What is DNA?
A complex biological material that’s also known as a nucleic acid. It tells the cells how to regulate chemical reactions and create more of themselves.
What is a nucleic acid?
Nucleic acid is one large molecule made up of 2 long chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides of each chain are connected between the bases forming a twisted ladder or double helix.
What makes up a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose (a simple sugar), a phosphate group, and
a nitrogen base.
Sugar of one nucleotide is joined to what?
The phosphate group of the next nucleotide and forms a ladder.
What are the 4 Nitrogen Bases?
adenine (A)
thymine (T)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
As it unzips, free nucleotides in the nucleus bond to single strands by…
base pairing
What equals genetic code?
The sequence of N bases (or nucleotides) along a strand of DNA is code for synthesis of proteins
What is a gene?
a short segment of DNA that contains info to encode an RNA molecule or a protein strand.
What is Gene expression?
The process in which genes are decoded
What do proteins do?
They determine the structure and function of organisms
What is a codon?
A set of 3 N bases representing an amino acid
How many codons are there?
64 in total, 61 for amino acids, and 3 for stop codes.
What is the Universal Code?
codons
What is transcription?
The process of converting DNA to mRNA so it can be transferred to the cytoplasm (out of the nucleus).
What is RNA?
a nucleic acid consisting of a single strand of nucleotides
Is RNA Singles Stranded?
Yes
What is translation?
The process of converting info in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.
What is the Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology
Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action living cells (gene expression)
What are genetic mutations?
Any change in the DNA Sequence.
What can Mutations result from?
X-rays, UV light, Certain Chemicals.
