DNA History And Central Dogma Quiz

Question 1

What did the discovery of DNA require?

Answer 1

collaborative efforts of scientists over the years

Question 2

When did Franklin, Watson, And Crick make their discovery?

Answer 2

1952-1953

Question 3

What did Franklin, Watson, And Crick do?

Answer 3

They developed a double helix model of

DNA based on X-ray crystallography/photographs and models.

Question 4

What did the Double Helix Model Explain?

Answer 4

It explained how DNA is replicated and how it can

changed/mutated, and that heredity info is transmitted.

Question 5

What is DNA?

Answer 5

A complex biological material that’s also known as a nucleic acid. It tells the cells how to regulate chemical reactions and create more of themselves.

Question 6

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 6

Nucleic acid is one large molecule made up of 2 long chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides of each chain are connected between the bases forming a twisted ladder or double helix.

Question 7

What makes up a DNA nucleotide?

Answer 7

deoxyribose (a simple sugar), a phosphate group, and

a nitrogen base.

Question 8

Sugar of one nucleotide is joined to what?

Answer 8

The phosphate group of the next nucleotide and forms a ladder.

Question 9

What are the 4 Nitrogen Bases?

Answer 9

adenine (A)
thymine (T)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)

Question 10

As it unzips, free nucleotides in the nucleus bond to single strands by…

Answer 10

base pairing

Question 11

What equals genetic code?

Answer 11

The sequence of N bases (or nucleotides) along a strand of DNA is code for synthesis of proteins

Question 12

What is a gene?

Answer 12

a short segment of DNA that contains info to encode an RNA molecule or a protein strand.

Question 13

What is Gene expression?

Answer 13

The process in which genes are decoded

Question 14

What do proteins do?

Answer 14

They determine the structure and function of organisms

Question 15

What is a codon?

Answer 15

A set of 3 N bases representing an amino acid

Question 16

How many codons are there?

Answer 16

64 in total, 61 for amino acids, and 3 for stop codes.

Question 17

What is the Universal Code?

Answer 17

codons

Question 18

What is transcription?

Answer 18

The process of converting DNA to mRNA so it can be transferred to the cytoplasm (out of the nucleus).

Question 19

What is RNA?

Answer 19

a nucleic acid consisting of a single strand of nucleotides

Question 20

Is RNA Singles Stranded?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What is translation?

Answer 21

The process of converting info in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.

Question 22

What is the Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology

Answer 22

Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action living cells (gene expression)

Question 23

What are genetic mutations?

Answer 23

Any change in the DNA Sequence.

Question 24

What can Mutations result from?

Answer 24

X-rays, UV light, Certain Chemicals.

Question 25

What are errors in Disjunction?

Answer 25

failure of chromosomes to separate properly

during meiosis.

Question 26

This scientist discovered heat-killed disease-causing bacteria added to harmless bacteria when injected into mice caused pheneumia.

Answer 26

Franklin

Question 27

This scientist developed X-ray photographs of DNA

Answer 27

Avery

Question 28

This scientist discovered that DNA stores and transmits genetic information.

Answer 28

Watson and Crick

Question 29

This scientist developed the double-helix model of DNA.

Answer 29

Griffith

Question 30

What is replication?

Answer 30

The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

Question 31

What is used in Replication?

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

What is used in Transcription?

Answer 32

DNA and mRNA

Question 33

What is used in Translation?

Answer 33

mRNA and tRNA