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science > science assessment term 4 > Flashcards

science assessment term 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the mr rager acronym

A

m - move
r - respond

r-respire
a-assimilate
g-grow
e-excrete
r-reproduce

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2
Q

what is movement in term of living things characteristics

A

movement in living things is the ability move independently and in many different ways

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3
Q

what is responding in term of living things characteristics

A

all living things have the ability respond to changes in their environment however living things respond in many unseen reactions

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4
Q

what is respiration in term of living things characteristics

A

respiration is a chemical reaction in living things to gain energy.

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5
Q

what is assimilation in term of living things characteristics

A

assimilation is the process where living things take in and process substances.

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6
Q

what is growth in term of living things characteristics

A

livings organisms have the ability to grow and develop in size, mass and many other ways.

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7
Q

what is excretion in term of living things characteristics

A

excretion is the ability to get rid of waste products and toxic materials

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8
Q

what is reproduction in term of living things characteristics

A

reproduction is the ability to reproduce by making copies of themselves and pass genetic information

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9
Q

what are the needs of cells

A
  • respiration
  • removal of waste
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10
Q

why is the role of classification so important

A
  • classification organises the great variety of life into groups
  • it allows for easier communication, as scientists from all around the world uses the same organised terminology
  • it helps scientists learn about particular organisms and how they work
  • it is the first step towards conserving the great diversity of life
  • classifying things into groups makes them easier to remember, describe and identify
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11
Q

what two names does all living organisms have

A

genus and species

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12
Q

genus

A

are a group of organisms that have certain characteristics in common

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13
Q

species

A

are a group of organisms which can interbreed to produce offspring

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14
Q

identify some structural features used for classifying organisms

A
  • type of skeleton
  • veterbrates (has backbone and internal skeleton)
  • arthopods (no backbone and joint legs)
  • echinoderms (not jointed legs and spiny skin)
  • cell structure
  • eukrayotic
  • prokaryotic
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15
Q

identify different types of environments

A
  • tropical rainforest
  • savanna
  • desert
  • temperate
  • tai-go
  • grassland
  • wetlands
  • coral reefs
  • Mediterranean
  • tundra
  • estraurine
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16
Q

what are biotic features

A

are living things in an ecosystem

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17
Q

what are abiotic features

A

the non-living features in an ecosystem

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18
Q

abiotic examples

A

temperature, soil type, rainfall patterns and amount of light

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19
Q

biotic examples

A

plants, animals, fungi and microogranisms

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20
Q

how does abiotic features affect biotic features

A

abiotic features determined the type of organisms that can survive in an area

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21
Q

behavioural adaptation

A

actions or things an animal does to survive

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22
Q

structural adaptation

A

physical features that allow an organism to survive

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23
Q

physiological adaptation

A

internal or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive

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24
Q

what is the function of a nucleus

A

a nucleus controls everything in the cells and contains dna

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25
Q

what is the function of a cell membrane

A

a cell membrane protects the cell by allowing nutrients to enter and keeping harmful object out

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26
Q

what is the function of a cyctoplasm

A

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance which helps to create the rounded shape of the cell and is where chemical reactions take place

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27
Q

what is the function of a mitochondria

A

Mitochondria are structures that support respiration.

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28
Q

what is the function of a vacuoles

A

Vacuoles are storage bubbles that contain food and waste

29
Q

what is the function of a endoplasmic reticulum

A

act as a factory and produce protein and lipids

30
Q

what is the function of a golgi apparatus

A

works with the endoplasmic reticulum to combine and distribute protein and lipids to the rest of the cell

31
Q

what is the function of a cell wall

A

provides protection and gives the plant its shape and structure

32
Q

what is the function of a chloroplast

A

chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour and allows them to perform photosynthesis

33
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

is the chemical reaction where glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy

34
Q

Equation for cellular respiration

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

35
Q

how does cellular respiration meet the needs of cells

A

as all living things need energy to survive, respiration meets the needs of cells by releasing energy vital for survival. respiration is very important as this is how living things convert the energy in glucose into a useful form

36
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

is the use of sunlight’s energy to produce glucose and oxygen which is crucial for a plants survival. photosynthesis can only occur when there is light

37
Q

equation for photosynthesis

A

water + carbon dioxide SUNLIGHT –> glucose and oxygen

38
Q

Similarities of photosynthesis and respiration

A
  • uses the same chemical materials
  • both involve energy
39
Q

differences of photosynthesis and respiration

A
  • one absorbs energy the other releases energy
  • equations are reserved
  • different organelles cause these processes
40
Q

what are multicellular organisms

A

organisms that are made up of many cells

41
Q

unicellular organisms

A

organisms made up of only one cell

42
Q

Differences of unicellular and multicellular organisms

A
  • unicellular organisms use one cell to carry out all the jobs needed to keep the organism alive and they cannot specify
  • in multicellular organisms, certain cells can become specialised for a particular task
  • unicellular primarily reproduce asexually
  • multicellular organism can reproduce both asexually and sexually
43
Q

hierarchy systems

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. system level
  6. organism level
44
Q

function of root hair cells

A

to absorb water and minerals from the soil

45
Q

function of sperm

A

to feterlise an egg cell to make a baby

46
Q

function of red blood cells

A

to carry oxygen around the body

47
Q

function of palisade cell

A

to carry out photosynthesis using the energy from sunlight

48
Q

function of muscle cell

A

to contract to help parts of the body to move

49
Q

function of nerve cell

A

to transmit electrical impulses around the body to coordinate responses

50
Q

function of ciliated cell

A

to move micro-organism and dust away from the lungs

51
Q

function of egg cell

A

to be fertilised by the sperm cell

52
Q

structure of root hair cell

A

has a large surface area and no chloroplasts

53
Q

structure of sperm

A

has a long tail to swim and contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy. Has chemicals in the tip of the head, to get into the egg cell

54
Q

structure of red blood cells

A

have a biconcave shape to easily move through blood vessels and has a large surface area for diffusion. it has no nucleus and contains haemoglobin

55
Q

structure of palisade cell

A

is tall and thin but also has lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

56
Q

structure of muscle cell

A

it stores glycogen which can broken down for use in respiration and contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy

57
Q

structure of nerve cell

A

has a long, thin axon and has branching dendrites at either end

58
Q

structure of ciliated cell

A

has tiny hairs called cilia to sweep particles away and has lots of mitochondria to provide energy

59
Q

structure of egg cell

A

has cytoplasm that contains nutrients for developing embryo and membrane changes after fertilisation to stop any more sperm getting in

60
Q

white blood cells function

A

to fight pathogens which cause diseases

61
Q

structure of white blood cells

A

it changes shape to squeeze out of blood vessels and engulf pathogens. produces antibiotics and antitoxins

62
Q

matter

A

is anything that has mass or takes up space. matter is made up of particules

63
Q

solids particle arrangement

A

in solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement. each particle is locked in a specific position, creating a well defined and rigid structure

64
Q

solids particle motion

A

the movement in solids are minimal. particles vibrate around their fixed positions but do not move freely due to the stems from strong intermolecular forces

65
Q

liquids particle arrangement

A

the arrangement of particles in liquids is less ordered compared to solids. particles are still close to each other but without any long range order. this somewhat disordered state contributes to the fluidity of liquids

66
Q

liquids particle motion

A

particles in liquids have more freedom to move than in solids. they can slide and glide past one another, though they remain in close contact, which is a result of weaker intermolecular forces.

67
Q

Gases particle arrangement

A

in gases, the particles are far apart with no regular arrangements , leading to low density. the intermolecular forces are very weak or negligible, allowing the particles to move independently of each other.

68
Q

gases particle motion

A

gases particles move rapidly and in random directions. they collide with each other and the walls of they container, causing pressure. this high-energy movement is a direct result of the minimal intermolecular forces present.

science (12 decks)

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