science assessment term 4 Flashcards
what is the mr rager acronym
m - move
r - respond
r-respire
a-assimilate
g-grow
e-excrete
r-reproduce
what is movement in term of living things characteristics
movement in living things is the ability move independently and in many different ways
what is responding in term of living things characteristics
all living things have the ability respond to changes in their environment however living things respond in many unseen reactions
what is respiration in term of living things characteristics
respiration is a chemical reaction in living things to gain energy.
what is assimilation in term of living things characteristics
assimilation is the process where living things take in and process substances.
what is growth in term of living things characteristics
livings organisms have the ability to grow and develop in size, mass and many other ways.
what is excretion in term of living things characteristics
excretion is the ability to get rid of waste products and toxic materials
what is reproduction in term of living things characteristics
reproduction is the ability to reproduce by making copies of themselves and pass genetic information
what are the needs of cells
- respiration
- removal of waste
why is the role of classification so important
- classification organises the great variety of life into groups
- it allows for easier communication, as scientists from all around the world uses the same organised terminology
- it helps scientists learn about particular organisms and how they work
- it is the first step towards conserving the great diversity of life
- classifying things into groups makes them easier to remember, describe and identify
what two names does all living organisms have
genus and species
genus
are a group of organisms that have certain characteristics in common
species
are a group of organisms which can interbreed to produce offspring
identify some structural features used for classifying organisms
- type of skeleton
- veterbrates (has backbone and internal skeleton)
- arthopods (no backbone and joint legs)
- echinoderms (not jointed legs and spiny skin)
- cell structure
- eukrayotic
- prokaryotic
identify different types of environments
- tropical rainforest
- savanna
- desert
- temperate
- tai-go
- grassland
- wetlands
- coral reefs
- Mediterranean
- tundra
- estraurine
what are biotic features
are living things in an ecosystem
what are abiotic features
the non-living features in an ecosystem
abiotic examples
temperature, soil type, rainfall patterns and amount of light
biotic examples
plants, animals, fungi and microogranisms
how does abiotic features affect biotic features
abiotic features determined the type of organisms that can survive in an area
behavioural adaptation
actions or things an animal does to survive
structural adaptation
physical features that allow an organism to survive
physiological adaptation
internal or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive
what is the function of a nucleus
a nucleus controls everything in the cells and contains dna
what is the function of a cell membrane
a cell membrane protects the cell by allowing nutrients to enter and keeping harmful object out
what is the function of a cyctoplasm
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance which helps to create the rounded shape of the cell and is where chemical reactions take place
what is the function of a mitochondria
Mitochondria are structures that support respiration.
what is the function of a vacuoles
Vacuoles are storage bubbles that contain food and waste
what is the function of a endoplasmic reticulum
act as a factory and produce protein and lipids
what is the function of a golgi apparatus
works with the endoplasmic reticulum to combine and distribute protein and lipids to the rest of the cell
what is the function of a cell wall
provides protection and gives the plant its shape and structure
what is the function of a chloroplast
chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour and allows them to perform photosynthesis
what is cellular respiration
is the chemical reaction where glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy
Equation for cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
how does cellular respiration meet the needs of cells
as all living things need energy to survive, respiration meets the needs of cells by releasing energy vital for survival. respiration is very important as this is how living things convert the energy in glucose into a useful form
what is photosynthesis
is the use of sunlight’s energy to produce glucose and oxygen which is crucial for a plants survival. photosynthesis can only occur when there is light
equation for photosynthesis
water + carbon dioxide SUNLIGHT –> glucose and oxygen
Similarities of photosynthesis and respiration
- uses the same chemical materials
- both involve energy
differences of photosynthesis and respiration
- one absorbs energy the other releases energy
- equations are reserved
- different organelles cause these processes
what are multicellular organisms
organisms that are made up of many cells
unicellular organisms
organisms made up of only one cell
Differences of unicellular and multicellular organisms
- unicellular organisms use one cell to carry out all the jobs needed to keep the organism alive and they cannot specify
- in multicellular organisms, certain cells can become specialised for a particular task
- unicellular primarily reproduce asexually
- multicellular organism can reproduce both asexually and sexually
hierarchy systems
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- system level
- organism level
function of root hair cells
to absorb water and minerals from the soil
function of sperm
to feterlise an egg cell to make a baby
function of red blood cells
to carry oxygen around the body
function of palisade cell
to carry out photosynthesis using the energy from sunlight
function of muscle cell
to contract to help parts of the body to move
function of nerve cell
to transmit electrical impulses around the body to coordinate responses
function of ciliated cell
to move micro-organism and dust away from the lungs
function of egg cell
to be fertilised by the sperm cell
structure of root hair cell
has a large surface area and no chloroplasts
structure of sperm
has a long tail to swim and contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy. Has chemicals in the tip of the head, to get into the egg cell
structure of red blood cells
have a biconcave shape to easily move through blood vessels and has a large surface area for diffusion. it has no nucleus and contains haemoglobin
structure of palisade cell
is tall and thin but also has lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
structure of muscle cell
it stores glycogen which can broken down for use in respiration and contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy
structure of nerve cell
has a long, thin axon and has branching dendrites at either end
structure of ciliated cell
has tiny hairs called cilia to sweep particles away and has lots of mitochondria to provide energy
structure of egg cell
has cytoplasm that contains nutrients for developing embryo and membrane changes after fertilisation to stop any more sperm getting in
white blood cells function
to fight pathogens which cause diseases
structure of white blood cells
it changes shape to squeeze out of blood vessels and engulf pathogens. produces antibiotics and antitoxins
matter
is anything that has mass or takes up space. matter is made up of particules
solids particle arrangement
in solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement. each particle is locked in a specific position, creating a well defined and rigid structure
solids particle motion
the movement in solids are minimal. particles vibrate around their fixed positions but do not move freely due to the stems from strong intermolecular forces
liquids particle arrangement
the arrangement of particles in liquids is less ordered compared to solids. particles are still close to each other but without any long range order. this somewhat disordered state contributes to the fluidity of liquids
liquids particle motion
particles in liquids have more freedom to move than in solids. they can slide and glide past one another, though they remain in close contact, which is a result of weaker intermolecular forces.
Gases particle arrangement
in gases, the particles are far apart with no regular arrangements , leading to low density. the intermolecular forces are very weak or negligible, allowing the particles to move independently of each other.
gases particle motion
gases particles move rapidly and in random directions. they collide with each other and the walls of they container, causing pressure. this high-energy movement is a direct result of the minimal intermolecular forces present.
