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science > assessment task 3 > Flashcards

assessment task 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gravitational force

A

the force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon or other massively large objects attract another object towards itself

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2
Q

electrostatic

A

the attractive or repulsive interaction between any 2 charge objects

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3
Q

Magnetic force

A

a magnetic force is an attractive or repulsive interaction between the ends of 2 magnets

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4
Q

mechanical force

A

a mechanical force is a force applied to an object by a person or another object.

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5
Q

normal force

A

the normal force is a support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.

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6
Q

friction force

A

the friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across something or makes an effort to move across

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7
Q

air resistance force

A

the air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air. (opposes the motion of the object)

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8
Q

Tension

A

the tension force is the force transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled by forces acting from the opposite

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9
Q

scientific definition of force

A

is any pull, push or twist exerted on an object that causes change to the velocity and movement.

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10
Q

balanced force

A

forces of equal magnitude that act in opposite directions, and make objects remain at rest or stay in motion at a constant speed

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11
Q

unbalanced forces

A

the force applied in one direction is greater than the force applied in the opposite direction, when unbalanced forces are acting, there is a change in velocity.

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12
Q

contact force

A

contact force is any force that occurs as a result of two things making contact with each other

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13
Q

non contact force

A

non contact force acts on an object without physically being in contact with it.

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14
Q

types of contact forces

A
  • mechanical force
  • normal force
  • friction force
  • air resistance
  • tension force
  • spring force
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15
Q

types of non contact force

A
  • gravitational force
  • electrostatic or electric force
  • magnetic force
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16
Q

free body diagrams procedure

A
  1. draw a dot in the middle which represents the centre of the object
  2. identify all the forces acting on the object
  3. for every for acting on the object, draw a vector (line) that shows the size and direction. must start from dot
  4. label each force and include the size of force
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17
Q

how do you work out net force when two opposite directions are included

A

you subtract the forces

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18
Q

how do you work out net force when two same directions are included

A

you add the forces up together

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19
Q

define and describe constant speed as stationary

A

an object is stationary when it is not moving and remaining the same, meaning the forces are balanced

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20
Q

stationary examples

A

book lying on the table, shows as that the gravitational force pulling down the book is balanced by the normal force pushing up

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21
Q

define and describe moving constant speed

A

an object moving at constant speed means the velocity is steady as both the magnitude and direction remains the same. here the forces are still balanced, however the object is moving

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22
Q

examples of moving at constant speed

A

car cruising on the highway at a constant speed 60km/h is balanced as there is no acceleration and the forward force from the engine is balanced by the resistive forces of air resistance and friction

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23
Q

define and describe speeding up (acceleration)

A

when an object is speeding up, it means the velocity of the object is increasing overtime. in this case the forces are unbalanced, and the net force acting on the object is in the direction of the motion

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24
Q

examples of speeding up

A

pressing the accelerator in a car speeds up a car due to the force from the engine exceeding the resistive forces

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25
Q

define and describe slowing down (acceleration)

A

when an object is slowing down it is due to the decreasing velocity of the object. here, the net force is the opposite direction to the motion

26
Q

examples of slowing down

A

applying the brakes in a car slows down the car as the braking force overcomes the forward motion force

27
Q

what is newtown’s first law

A

newtown’s force states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force

28
Q

how do you calculate work done

A

force times distance

29
Q

what does w=Fs mean

A

work done = force times distance

30
Q

how do you calculate kinetic energy

A

1/2mv (squared) or 1/2 times mass times velocity squared

31
Q

what does k=1/2mv(squared)

A

kinetic energy = 1/2 times mass times velocity squared

32
Q

what are the particles within an atom

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
    -electrons
33
Q

characteristics of a proton

A

proton’s relative mass is 1
location: inside the nucleus so it cannot move between object
charge: positive

34
Q

characteristics of a neutron

A

neutron’s relative mass is 1
location: inside the nucleus so it cannot move between object
charge: neutral

35
Q

characteristics of a electron

A

electron’s relative mass is 0.0005
location: is outside the nucleus so it can move between objects
charge: negative

36
Q

what happens when ebonite is rubbed against wool

A

the neutral ebonite rode turns into a negative charge
the neutral wool has a positive charge

37
Q

what happens when perspex is rubbed against silk

A

the neutral perspex changes into a positive charge
the neutral silk turns into a negative charge

38
Q

how does two positively charged objects react

A

repel

39
Q

how does two negatively charged object react

A

repel

40
Q

how does one positive and one negative rod react

A

attract

41
Q

what is weight force

A

is a force caused by gravity, that represents the gravitational force between the two objects. the force pulls down in the centre of the larger objects, showing us the larger the mass, the greater the weight. Measured in newtons

42
Q

what is the calculations for weight force

A

fw=mg or force weight = mass times acceleration due to gravity

43
Q

what does fw=mg

A

force weight = mass times acceleration due to gravity

44
Q

factors that affect gravity

A
  • mass
  • distance
    the bigger the mass and the closer increases gravitational force
45
Q

what is newton’s law of universal gravitational

A

any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.

46
Q

what happens when gravity is acting on object orbiting

A

firstly, the forces exerted in the direction of each other are equal in magnitude. however as the masses are different the objects with the smaller mass is forced to orbit around the object with greater mass. (it means unbalanced)

47
Q

what is the motion of an object orbiting

A

newton’s first law tells us that without an unbalanced force an object will continue to stay at rest or at constant velocity, this firstly shows as that gravity is not a balanced force. rather the motion of the object in orbit is revolving around the object with the larger mass due to the unbalanced forces of gravity.

48
Q

what is behaviour of magnets

A

like poles repels
unlike poles attract

49
Q

what is a magnetic field

A

a magnetic field is the area around a magnet in which there is magnetic force such as attracting and repelling.

50
Q

what happens when another magnet enter this field?

A

what happens when another magnet enter this field it causes the repelling and attraction of magnets.

51
Q

how to set up an electromagnet

A

1.connect the power supply with the insulated wires
2.attach the insulated wires on either side of the large nail
3. change the amount of voltage accordingly
4. Switch the power

52
Q

what is a electromagnet

A

it is a type of magnet that runs on electricity as it deals with the electromagnetic force that occurs between electrically charged particles. the electrical current causes the magnetic force to increase, growing the magnetic strength

53
Q

how to construct a graph

A
  1. identify the appropriate graph style (e.g. line, columns)
  2. set the title, y axis and x axis (make sure to write in the tittle for the axis and the units.)
    3.work the number placement
    4.draw in your data
  3. do line of best fit
54
Q

force examples

A
  • hair brush in hair (static electricity)
    -foot pushing on the pedal when you ride bike (mechanical force)
  • book on table (is gravity and normal)
  • vehicles (mechanical force of the engine)
    walking around (friction)
55
Q

magnetic examples

A
  • magnet on a paper clip
  • magnet on refrigerator
  • train tracks
56
Q

which line in the graph is the y axis

A

vertical

57
Q

which line in the graph is the x axis

A

horizontal

58
Q

which line in the graph do i plot the dependant variable

A

y, vertical

59
Q

which line in the graph do i plot the independant variable

A

x, horizontal

60
Q

what is the independent variable?

A

the variable that changed in the experiment

61
Q

what is the dependent variable?

A

the variable measured in the experiment

62
Q

what is a controlled variable

A

all the other variables that should stay the same

science (10 decks)

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