assessment task 3 Flashcards
Gravitational force
the force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon or other massively large objects attract another object towards itself
electrostatic
the attractive or repulsive interaction between any 2 charge objects
Magnetic force
a magnetic force is an attractive or repulsive interaction between the ends of 2 magnets
mechanical force
a mechanical force is a force applied to an object by a person or another object.
normal force
the normal force is a support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.
friction force
the friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across something or makes an effort to move across
air resistance force
the air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air. (opposes the motion of the object)
Tension
the tension force is the force transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled by forces acting from the opposite
scientific definition of force
is any pull, push or twist exerted on an object that causes change to the velocity and movement.
balanced force
forces of equal magnitude that act in opposite directions.
unbalanced forces
the force applied in one direction is greater than the force applied in the opposite direction. when unbalanced forces are acting, there is a change in velocity.
contact force
contact force is any force that occurs as a result of two things making contact with each other
non contact force
non contact force acts on an object without physically being in contact with it.
types of contact forces
- mechanical force
- normal force
- friction force
- air resistance
- tension force
- spring force
types of non contact force
- gravitational force
- electrostatic or electric force
- magnetic force
free body diagrams procedure
- draw a dot in the middle which represents the centre of the object
- identify all the forces acting on the object
- for every for acting on the object, draw a vector (line) that shows the size and direction. must start from dot
- label each force and include the size of force
how do you work out net force when two opposite directions are included
you subtract the forces
how do you work out net force when two same directions are included
you add the forces up together
define and describe stationary
an object is stationary when it is not moving and remaining the same, meaning the forces are balanced
stationary examples
book lying on the table, shows as that the gravitational force pulling down the book is balanced by the normal force pushing up
define and describe moving constant speed
an object moving at constant speed means the velocity is steady as both the magnitude and direction remains the same. here the forces are still balanced, however the object is moving
examples of moving at constant speed
car cruising on the highway at a constant speed 60km/h is balanced as there is no acceleration and the forward force from the engine is balanced by the resistive forces of air resistance and friction
define and describe speeding up (acceleration)
when an object is speeding up, it means the velocity of the object is increasing overtime. in this case the forces are unbalanced, and the net force acting on the object is in the direction of the motion
examples of speeding up
pressing the accelerator in a car speeds up a car due to the force from the engine exceeding the resistive forces
define and describe slowing down (acceleration)
when an object is slowing down it is due to the decreasing velocity of the object. here, the net force is the opposite direction to the motion
examples of slowing down
applying the brakes in a car slows down the car as the braking force overcomes the forward motion force
what is newtown’s first law
newtown’s force states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state, by the action of an external force
how do you calculate work done
force times distance
what does w=Fs mean
work done = force times distance
how do you calculate kinetic energy
1/2mv (squared) or 1/2 times mass times velocity squared
what does k=1/2mv(squared)
kinetic energy = 1/2 times mass times velocity squared
what are the particles within an atom
- protons
- neutrons
-electrons
characteristics of a proton
proton’s relative mass is 1
location: inside the nucleus so it cannot move between object
charge: positive
characteristics of a neutron
neutron’s relative mass is 1
location: inside the nucleus so it cannot move between object
charge: neutral
characteristics of a electron
electron’s relative mass is 0.0005
location: is outside the nucleus so it can move between objects
charge: negative
what happens when ebonite is rubbed against wool
the neutral ebonite rode turns into a negative charge
the neutral wool has a positive charge
what happens when perspex is rubbed against silk
the neutral perspex changes into a positive charge
the neutral silk turns into a negative charge
how does two positively charged objects react
repel
how does two negatively charged object react
repel
how does one positive and one negative rod react
attract
what is weight force
weight is the force with which an object is pulled towards the Earth
what is the calculations for weight force
fw=mg or force weight = mass times acceleration due to gravity
what does fw=mg
force weight = mass times acceleration due to gravity
factors that affect gravity
- mass
- distance
the bigger the mass and the closer increases gravitational force
what is newton’s law of universal gravitational
any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.
what happens when gravity is acting on object orbiting
firstly, the forces exerted in the direction of each other are equal in magnitude. however as the masses are different the objects with the smaller mass is forced to orbit around the object with greater mass. (it means unbalanced)
what is the motion of an object orbiting
newton’s first law tells us that without an unbalanced force an object will continue to stay at rest or at constant velocity, this firstly shows as that gravity is not a balanced force. rather the motion of the object in orbit is revolving around the object with the larger mass due to the unbalanced forces of gravity.
what is behaviour of magnets
like poles repels
unlike poles attract
what is a magnetic field
a magnetic field is the area around a magnet in which there is magnetic force such as attracting and repelling.
what happens when another magnet enter this field?
what happens when another magnet enter this field it causes the repelling and attraction of magnets.
how to set up an electromagnet
1.connect the power supply with the insulated wires
2.attach the insulated wires on either side of the large nail
3. change the amount of voltage accordingly
4. Switch the power
what is a electromagnet
it is a type of magnet that runs on electricity as it. the electrical current causes the magnetic force to increase, growing the magnetic strength
how to construct a graph
- identify the appropriate graph style (e.g. line, columns)
- set the title, y axis and x axis (make sure to write in the tittle for the axis and the units.)
3.work the number placement
4.draw in your data - do line of best fit
force examples
- hair brush in hair (static electricity)
-foot pushing on the pedal when you ride bike (mechanical force) - book on table (is gravity and normal)
- vehicles (mechanical force of the engine)
walking around (friction)
magnetic examples
- magnet on a paper clip
- magnet on refrigerator
- train tracks
which line in the graph is the y axis
vertical
which line in the graph is the x axis
horizontal
which line in the graph do i plot the dependant variable
y, vertical
which line in the graph do i plot the independant variable
x, horizontal
what is the independent variable?
the variable that changed in the experiment
what is the dependent variable?
the variable measured in the experiment
what is a controlled variable
all the other variables that should stay the same
