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science > science assessment term 2 > Flashcards

science assessment term 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is froth flotation?

A

A method using special chemicals to separate copper minerals from waste rock
1. ores are dug out of the ground
2. these are crushed into fine powder
3. powder is then mixed in with water and chemicals that are similar to detergent
4.then air is blown into the bottom of the container,
5.the malachite (mineral ore) is then carried to the surface by the air bubbles as malachite sticks to the chemicals
6. the waste rock then sinks to the bottom of the tank, unable to stick to the chemicals
7. the malachite then gets collected as they skim the surface to collect the copper it’s then further treated to extract pure copper

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2
Q

how do we use magnets to separate iron?

A

A method using iron’s magnetic property to separate iron and waste rock
1. rock containing iron minerals are crushed into fine powder.
2. then dropped onto a conveyer belt where a magnetic roller appears
3. the roller attracts the pieces that contain iron as it is magnetic
4. the waste rock are not magnetic and therefore do not attach and drop down
5. iron containing pieces are further collected for proccessing

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3
Q

fraction distillation

A

a method used to separate the different components of crude oil using boiling point
1.the crude oil is placed on a equipment called a fractioning column.
2. this is then heated
3. then each liquid evaporates at different times rising up
4. then it cools below boiling point and turns into liquid
5. it exists the column through a tube

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4
Q

Explain why filtration is used to separate various mixtures based on the properties of the
mixtures

A

Filtration separates solids from a liquid based on their solubility and particle size

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5
Q

Explain why sieving is used to separate various mixtures based on the properties of the
mixtures

A

sieving is used to separate small solids from larger solids or liquids which is based on the particle size

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6
Q

Explain why chromatograph is used to separate various mixtures based on the properties of the
mixtures

A

Chromatography separates different chemicals of a solution based on their solubility

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7
Q

Explain why decanting is used to separate various mixtures based on the properties of the
mixtures

A

decanting is used separate soluble and insoluble solids or liquids which is based on their density and solubility

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8
Q

Explain why evaporation is used to separate various mixtures based on the properties of the
mixtures

A

evaporation is used to regain the solute from the solvent based on their boiling points

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9
Q

Explain why crystallisation is used to separate various mixtures based on the properties of the
mixtures

A

Crystallisation removes a solute from the solvent based on their solubility

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10
Q

pure substance

A

a substance made up of one material or particle

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11
Q

examples of pure substance

A

compounds and elements

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12
Q

mixtures

A

a substance made of two or more substances

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13
Q

examples of mixtures

A

salad

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14
Q

solutions

A

is a type of mixture when one substance separates and spreads out evenly into another substance

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15
Q

solute

A

is the component of a solution that is spreading out or dissolving evenly into the solvent

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16
Q

solvent

A

is the component in a solution that is capable of dissolving another substance

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17
Q

Aqueous solution

A

is a type of solution where the solvent is water

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18
Q

observation

A

is something that you have witnessed or experienced

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19
Q

inference

A

is a possible explanation for an observation based on reasoning

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20
Q

what’s the difference between an observation and a inference?

A

an observation is generally a statement of fact but inferences show a relationship between two things

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21
Q

biology

A

biology is a large field of studying living organisms

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22
Q

chemistry

A

chemistry is the exploration of matter and their properties and reactions

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23
Q

physics

A

physics is the study of the universe and the nature and properties of matter and energy

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24
Q

earth science

A

earth science is the study of physical rules of the earth and it’s atmosphere

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25
Q

space science

A

space science is the exploration of space

26
Q

Gravitational force

A

the force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon or other massively large objects attract another object towards itself

27
Q

electrostatic

A

the attractive or repulsive interaction between any 2 charge objects

28
Q

Magnetic force

A

a magnetic force is an attractive or repulsive interaction between the ends of 2 magnets

29
Q

mechanical force

A

a mechanical force is a force applied to an object by a person or another object.

30
Q

normal force

A

the normal force is a support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.

31
Q

friction force

A

the friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across something or makes an effort to move across

32
Q

air resistance force

A

the air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air. (opposes the motion of the object)

33
Q

Tension

A

the tension force is the force transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled by forces acting from the opposite

34
Q

forces scientific definition

A

is any action that causes something to be pushed, pulled or twisted.

35
Q

everyday examples of mixtures

A

saltwater, salad, cake, tea, coffee

36
Q

examples of solvents

A

water, vegetable oil, white vinegar, lemon juice

37
Q

examples of water as the solvent in daily life

A

cooking - Water is used as a solvent to dissolve salts, sugars, and flavors in cooking.
hydration - the water we drink is not pure and is often mixed with chemicals and essential minerals

38
Q

examples of water as the solvent in industries

A

cleaning - for cleaning equipment, surfaces, and facilities, water is mixed with chemicals that kill bacteria

39
Q

examples of water as the solvent in manufacturing

A

aquatic life - water is often mixed with oxygen, nutrients for creatures

40
Q

contact force

A

contact force is any force that occurs as a result of two things making contact with each other

41
Q

non contact force

A

non contact force acts on an object without physically in contact with it.

42
Q

spring force

A

the spring force is the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object that is attached to it.

43
Q

define and describe constant speed as stationary

A

an object is stationary when it is not moving and remaining the same, meaning the forces are balanced

44
Q

stationary examples

A
  • book lying on the table, shows as that the gravitational force pulling down the book is balanced by the normal force pushing up
45
Q

define and describe moving constant speed

A

an object moving at constant speed means the velocity is steady as both the magnitude and direction remains the same. here the forces are still balanced, however the object is moving

46
Q

examples of moving at constant speed

A

car cruising on the highway at a constant speed 60km/h is balanced as there is no acceleration and the forward force from the engine is balanced by the resistive forces of air resistance and friction

47
Q

define and describe speeding up (acceleration)

A

when an object is speeding up, it means the velocity of the object is increasing overtime. in this case the forces are unbalanced, and the net force acting on the object is in the direction of the motion

48
Q

examples of speeding up

A

pressing the accelerator in a car speeds up a car due to the force from the engine exceeding the resistive forces

49
Q

define and describe slowing down (acceleration)

A

when an object is slowing down it is due to the decreasing velocity of the object. here, the net force is the opposite direction to the motion

50
Q

examples of slowing down

A

applying the brakes in a car slows down the car as the braking force overcomes the forward motion force

51
Q

what is newtown’s first law

A

newtown’s force states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force

52
Q

how do you calculate work done

A

force times distance

53
Q

what does w=Fs mean

A

work done = force times distance

54
Q

how do you calculate kinetic energy

A

1/2mv (squared) or 1/2 times mass times velocity squared

55
Q

what does k=1/2mv(squared)

A

1/2 times mass times velocity squared

56
Q

what are the particles within an atom

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
    -electrons
57
Q

characteristics of a proton

A

proton’s relative mass is 1
location: inside the nucleus so it cannot move between object
charge: positive

58
Q

characteristics of a neutron

A

neutron’s relative mass is 1
location: inside the nucleus so it cannot move between object
charge: neutral

59
Q

characteristics of a electron

A

electron’s relative mass is 0.0005
location: is outside the nucleus so it can move between objects
charge: negative

60
Q

what happens when ebonite is rubbed against wool

A

the neutral ebonite rode turns into a negative charge
the neutral wool has a positive charge

61
Q

what happens when perspex is rubbed against silk

A

the neutral perspex changes into a positive charge
the neutral silk turns into a negative charge

62
Q
A

science (12 decks)

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