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EOY Revision Yr 9 > Science - All Topics > Flashcards

Science - All Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of the rate or reaction

A

How fast reactants are turned into products

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2
Q

How to find the rate of reaction

A

Quantity of reactants used or products made/time(sec)

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3
Q

What factors affect the Ror

A

Catalysts,Temperature,pressure,concentration and surface area

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4
Q

In terms of collision theory, how does temperature affect the Ror

A

Its gives the particles of the reactants kinetic energy which increases the particle’s speed. This allows for a higher chance of particles colliding resulting in a reaction.

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5
Q

In terms of collision theory,how does a catalyst affect the Ror

A

It provides an alternate low energy pathway while not being used up

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6
Q

In terms of colllision theory,how does concentration affect the Ror

A

It groups the particles closer together reducing the amount of space they can move leading to a higher chance of collision

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7
Q

In terms of collision theory,how does surface area affect the Ror

A

When the surface area is increased , the mass of the reactant is split into more pieces. This gives it a higher chance of Ror as there is more space for reactants to collide and react.

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8
Q

What is a catalyst

A

It provides a low energy pathway while lowering the activation energy of the reaction. It is also not used up during this process

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9
Q

What is the activation energy of a reaction

A

The minimal amount of energy particles need to create a successful reaction

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10
Q

What must there be for a chemical reaction to occur

A

Particles with sufficient(activation) energy,reactant particles must collide at the right angle

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11
Q

A collision that produces a reaction is…

A

A fruitful or successful collision

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12
Q

How does increasing the surface area affect the rate of reaction?

A

It increases as a result of more reactant particles exposed, leading to more frequent collisions

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13
Q

What unit is used for rate of reaction involving a change in mass?

A

g/s

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14
Q

What unit is used for rate of reaction involving a change in volume?

A

cm3/s

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15
Q

‘The geocentric model suggests our earth was at the centre of the Solar System’

True or False?

A

False
The model suggests the earth was at the centre of our universe

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16
Q

‘The heliocentric model suggests our earth was at the centre of the Universe’

True or False?

A

False
The model suggests our sun is at the centre of the solar system

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17
Q

Who supported the geocentric model?

A

Ptolemy (Google) and Aristotle

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18
Q

What was the major flaw in the geocentric model?

A

It couldn’t properly explain retrograde motion

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19
Q

Who suggested the heliocentric model?

A

Nicolaus copernicus

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20
Q

Who pioneered the telescope?

A

Galileo

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21
Q

Who suggested the planets moved in elipses and when?

How did this disprove the last models?

A

Johannes Kepler in 1600AD

The models prior to this suggested the planets moved in circles

The gravitational pull of the sun results in the planets orbits being eliptical

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22
Q

What Life cycles of stars are the same size as our sun

A
  1. Protostar
  2. Main Sequence Star
  3. Red giant
  4. White dwarf
  5. Black dwarf
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23
Q

Life cycle of a star much bigger than our sun

A
  1. Protostar
  2. Main sequence star
  3. Red supergiant
  4. Supernova
  5. Neutron star or blackhole
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24
Q

What force causes obects in space to orbit each lther(e.g the planets orbit the sun)

A

Gravitational pull

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25
Q

Who discovered infra red radiation

A

William hershall

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26
Q

What did people back then use to answer the unkown

A

Religion

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27
Q

Who and when documented the first astronmocial observance

A

1000bce the babylonians

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28
Q

Who figured out that the milky way was not the only galaxy and when

A

Edwin hubble did in the 1920s

29
Q

What does hubble’s law theorize

A

The universe is constantly expanding and is getting faster and faster

30
Q

What are the different types pf galaxies

A

Spiral,irregular and ellipitical

31
Q

What is dark matter

A

Invisible matter that does not react to electromagnetic forces

32
Q

When is it believed that the solar system was formed

A

4.6 billion years ago

33
Q

How was the solar system formed

A

A large supernova occured woth its effect travelling in waves. A solar nebula was formed along witha large cloud of dustcand gas which formed stars and moons

34
Q

How was our sun formed

A

The gas (hydrogen)nwhich was at the center of the nebula that occured has collapsed cuasing the creation of the sun

35
Q

When is it believed that the earth was formed after the big bang

A

9 billion years after the universe was formed

36
Q

What can the big bang be described as

A

The point where space and time started to exapnd beyong something smaller than an atom

37
Q

In terms of waves, if an object is moving away from us what happens to the light’s wavelength.

A

It is gets longer and if the object is moving towards us it gets shorter.

38
Q

What do all luminous objects emit

A

Waves with wavelengths

39
Q

What is the definiton of a wave length

A

The distance between two identical points on a successive wave

40
Q

The wavelength of blue light is shorter than red light

A

Yes

41
Q

What is light recieved on earth from a galaxy said to be

A

Red shifted

42
Q

What are some evidence for the age of the big bang

A

CMBR,red shift

43
Q

What forces keep a satellite in orbit

A

Velocity(straight course) and gravitational pull(so it doesn’t fly off to the next kown universe)

44
Q

How does a satellite get put into orbit

A

By a rocket

45
Q

What are the types of satellite

A

Geostationary,Polar and low eart orbit

46
Q

What does it mean if something is in a geostationary orbit

A

It is always in one spot above the equator

47
Q

What does it meam if something is in a low earth orbit

A

It is 1000 km from the earth

48
Q

What does something in a polar orbit go over

A

The north and south pole

49
Q

How long does it take for a geostationary staellite to make a full orbit

A

One day

50
Q

How long does it take for a low plar orbit to orbit once

A

90 minutes

51
Q

How long does it take for a low earth orbit to orbit once

A

90 minutes

52
Q

What orbits stay above the same point all the time

A

Geostationary and low polar orbit

Not LEO

53
Q

What are the 2 types of telescope

A

Refracting and reflecting

54
Q

How does a refracting telescope work

A

Bends light through a lens to form an image

55
Q

What are the disadvantages of a refracting telescope

A

Some light is reflected off the lens leading to afaint image
Large leneses asre needed to inprove magnification

56
Q

Life cycle of stars with low mass: detailed (kinda) ඩ

A

-The cloud of gas and dust heats as it contracts. When it’s hot but hasn’t started nuclear fusion, it’s known as a protostar and this stage can last for around 100000 years

-Stars are formed from the cloud and collapse under their own gravity and can begin nuclear fusion.

-When it starts fusion, the star will shine and the outward pressure will stabilise the star’s gravity, now know as a ‘Main Sequence Star’

-Core of star heats as contracts until hydrogen fusion begins

-The star will then exhaust it’s hydrogen and will begin fusing helium and swells out, end of Main Sequence. Helium keeps fusing until hot enough to fuse into oxygen and carbon.

57
Q

Continued star stages: smol

A

-same size or smaller than our sun swell and become red giant

-when fusion srops radiation is released and star collapses onself becoming a white dwarf, the cools down and becomes black dwarf

58
Q

How to operate a nuclear power station

A

Control rods with uranium or plutonium create heat, transferred to water to make it steam. Radioactive heated water to power different water system, linked to a turbine which produces electricity. Converted back to water in condenser to go back into reactor vessel for another cycle

59
Q

How to operate coal-fired power station

A

Coal burned in boiler to heat water to become steam, drives turbine which converted into electricity theough generator, steam cooled back to water ready for another cycle

60
Q

What are the different energy resources

A

Biofuels,nuclear power,fossil fuels,geothermal,solar,tidal and wind

61
Q

How does biofuel produce energy

A

Chemical energy stored in once alive things are transferred into thermal energy which boils the water

62
Q

How is most energy(electricity) made and related

A

Thermal energy is made which boils water into steam that turns a generator. This turns kinetic energy into electricity

63
Q

How does nuclear power create energy

A

Atoms in radioactive fuels are split into two which causes a chain reaction. When they split they create enegy which boiils watr

64
Q

How do fosil fuels produce energy

A

Thwy are burned tansferring chenical energy into thermal which boils wter( greenhouse gaes are also emitted when brned)

65
Q

How does geothermal energy produce electricity

A

Use the earth’s natural heat caused from hot rocks which boils water that is Fed underground . This turns into steam

66
Q

How does solar energy create power

A

Energy from the sun iis used to heat solar panels which is made into electricity by the panel or cells(very low energy made)

67
Q

How does tidal power create electricity

A

High tide is trapped and released as a low tide. When released,turbines are spun which creates energy

68
Q

How does wind energy create electricity

A

The force of the wind causes the blades to spin which transforms kinetic energy to electricity

EOY Revision Yr 9 (6 decks)

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