History Flashcards
How many deaths are estimated to be caused from WW1
9 million
Long term causes of the Great war (WW1)
Nationalism,militarism,imperialism,alliance
(In WW1)Nationalism is…
Many people had believed their country and their way of doing things was the best.
(In WW1)militarism is….
People considered that the bigger the army the more powerful the country. These weaponry was a temptation to solve any problem for countries
(In WW1)imperialism…
Countries with colonies saw eachother as threats which can be solved through war
What countries make up the triple Entente
Britain,France and Russia
What countries make up the triple Alliance
Germany,Austria-Hungary and Italy
What was the short term reason for the Great War
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Where and when did Franz Ferdinand celebrate his wedding aniversary
28 june 1914, a Bosnian city called Sarajevo
Definition of a war front
Where two armies meet
What plan did Germany come up with to deal with both wars against France and Russia
The Schlieffen plan
What was the problem of the schlieffen plan
It was built on assumptions
What was the result of WW1 at the end of 1914
A stalemate
When did the Great war end
November 1918
In russia march 1917 what had Tsar’s troops done to the workers
they refused to shoot and joined the revolution
What happened in Russia, 16march 1917
Tsar Nicholas 2 abdicated and the new Provisional government took over
Who returned back to russia a month after Tsar Nicholas’ abdication
Lenin and his political party the ‘Bolsheviks’
What did lenin and the bolsheviks believe
Communism and that the war should end immediately and everyone shares almost literally eveeything
What happened in Russia October 1917
The bolsheviks seized power and made russia the first communist state
How did the provisional government lose the battle at St Petersburg Oct 1917 with the bolsheviks
They did not have enough people who supported him
Who were the big three countries that decided the treaty of versailles
France,usa and Britain
What did the treaty of versailles incluede
Germany must take all responsibility for the war as well as a massive fine
They could not have an air force or submarines and their soldiers were not allowed near france
The had to hand over colonies to britain and france
The had to cut off parts of their countries to make new ones
They could not join the league of nation talks
What is the purpose of the league of nations
To resolve wars between countries internationally through talking while also improving and aiding eachother through problems such as disease or slavery
How would the league of nations help withh conflicts
Talk to both counried to resolve issues
Stop trade with the invading country as a Lack of supplies would end war
Some successes of the LoN are
Defeating diseases like leprosy,cholera and small pox
Sorting disputes between finland and sweden
Freed 200000 slaves
Failuers of the LoN
Never had an armed force
Usa was never a member
Could mot stop japan invading china(1931)
Could not stop germany expanding in 1936-39
Which serbian group planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand
The black hand
Who killed Franz ferdinand and how did they die
Gavrilo Princip who died by TB(Tubercolosis)
What did the bolsheviks do after they defeated the provisional government
They got rid of people who opposed them as well as opposing parties,newspapers and editors
How did the bolsheviks do in the election in november 1917
They did badly being outnumbered and in january 1918 lenin sent trooops to close dpwn the constituent assembly.
What had russia become after lenin closed down the constituent assembly
A single party state
March 1918 what was formed between germany and russia
The treaty of brest litovsk
What did the treaty of brest litovsk include
Giving up territy which would give germany
34% of Russia’s population
54% russian factories and more
What decrees were passed in the winter of 1917 to make russia more equal
Women were declared equal to men
Land was taken from the Tsar and old landlords
Rich people were forced to share their houses with the poor
Factories were taken fron the owners
Peasent with an abundance of resources were forced to share them
What did the new regime in russia winter 1917 cause people to do
Some left and those who stayed got robbed by gangs and were forced to sweep streets and such
What happend to the royal fanily(Romanovs) after Nichols Tsar’s abdication
They were placed under hpuse arrest and were forced to live ina palace constantly guarded to prevent escape
How did the royal family of russia die
There was a suspected plot to free the royal army so they were moved to YEKAterinburg where they were executed on 16 july 1918
What are some early acts of anti-semitism
Back to roman times where early christians wrongly claimed the jews had killed Jesus as christianity was the official religion of the roman empire
By the year 1000ce what was the image of jews
Jews who did not share christian beliefs had been brutally persecuted and had lies shard demonising them. They were also used as scapegoats for people’s problems
What rules were passed that was unfair towards jews
Unabling jews from certain jobs,living separatelt on ghettos and being for d to wear cloths to show they were jewish
What happened to the jews due to the spread of christianity in europe
Many were expelled from their countries and became rfugees
What does anti-semitism mean
Hostility toward or dicrimination against jews as a religious,ethnic or racial group
When did hitlr and the nazis come into power
1933
When did jews in germany face terrible discrimination and prejudice
1933-39
How many jews across europe were killed durin the second world war(1939-45)
Approx. 6million were killed
What is genocide
Any act aimed to destroy a whole or part of a national,ethnic raccial or religious group.
When did the nazis and its allies get defeated
1945
What wasa result of the Nazi’s genocide
2/3 of jews living europe were killed and 90% of jewish children as well
What other group s of people were killed and executed in concentration camps
Gypsie,gay men,political opponents, jehovah’s witnesses,polish and soviet civillians and prisoners from the war from the soviet union.
What anti-semitic actions did the nazi do in 1933
Removed jews from the media,jewish children in schooles were reduced and controlled,jews removed from public service
What anti semitic actions did the nazis do in 1935
All jews removed from the army,anti semitic laws were passed which were:’the reich citizen law’ and ‘law for the protection of German blood and honour’.
What anti semitic actions did the nais do in 1936
Now financial assisstance for jewish children,jewish teachers could not teach non-jews
What antinsemitic action did the nazis do in 1937
They could not get a university degree
What anti semitic actions did the nazis do in 1938
Jews with high paying,proffessional jobs were unable to work,amount of wealth and location of it must be told to the government,jewish childrn banned from german schools, overall identification of jews(passport clothing and names)
What was a trench?
A dug out space in the middle of a battlefield to seek cover from enemy fire aswell as travelling without using no man’s land
When did Armistice begin?
11.11.1918
Why did Germany lose WW1?
DIdn’t prioritise resources such as food
What ultimately ended WW1
The signing of the Treaty of Versailles
Short term causes of WW1
assassinstion of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by gavilo princip in sarajevo, bosnianon the 28 july 1914
What did the Treaty of Versailles include?
-Germany to pay £6,600,000,000
-Germany not allowed to have a navy or air force
-German army could only be 100,000 men
-Couldn’t militarise the rhineland
-Germany leased it’s countries to Britain and France
-Parts of country cut off to form new countries
-League of Nations set up
How did the Great Depression help Hitler rise to power?
People were left unemployed and as a result lost homes and turned to Hitler
Government raised taxes and turned to the Nazi party as Hitler provided a ‘solution’
How did the enabling act bring Hitler to power?
It gave him the liability to ontroduce laws without the approval of the Reichstag
What were Hitler’s methods for keeping control of germany
Terror,propaganda,youth and economic success
How did hitler use terror to keep control of Germany
The fear of the deaths in concentration camps as spied of the gestapo terrorised german people into obedience
How did hitler use propaganda to keep control pf germany
Strict rules on what people could see,read and hear
How did hitler use propaganda to keep control pf germany
Strict rules on what people could see,read and hear
How did hitler use the youth to keep control of germahy
Curriculums were changed and teachers were forced to teach nazi ideas to chikdren. Those who didnt were sacked
How did hitler use economic success to keep control of germany
He came up with many schemes that would boot the economy of germany while providing many with jobs
What were the key years where hitler actions caused and lead up to WW2
1933,1936,1937,march september of 1938 and 1939
When did german troops invade poland leading up to WW2
September 1 1939
When did hitler breach the treaty of versailles to grow Germany’s armed force
1933
1935 he started openly showing their plans for re-armament
What did hitler introduce in 1936
Conscription( every man had to spend some time in the army)
What agreement was made in september 1938
The munich agreement
Britain and france agreed Hitler could take Sutenland if he didnt invade the rest of Czechoslovakia
When did Germany disregard the munich agreement
March 1939
Who believed in the appeasement of hitler
New prim minister neville chamberlain
Who were the two sides in ww2
Allies:britain,usa,ussr
Axis powers:germany,italy,japan
When did ww2 begin
1939 september
When did britain evacuate Dunkirk
May 1940
What time did the blitz span
September-december 1940
When was the attack on pearl harbour
7 december 1941
What is G.A.R.G.L.E (just to guide answers and not develop it) for Treaty of Versailles
Guilt for the war
Armed forces reduced
Reparations
Germany lost land
League Of Nations set up
Extra terms
