science 2 Flashcards
what is energy
anything that causes motion
what is displacement
the changing of position in a 3 dimensional space
what is wave energy
energy that causes air or particles to become displaced
what is the top part of the bump
crest
what is the bottom part of the bump
trough
what are the circles in the middle
nodes (where the wave crosses the orgin)
what are the x’s
anti nodes (crests/troughs)
S
speed (meters per second)
T
time in seconds (period)
weird one
wave length (m)
what is wavelength
the distance between the two crests, used to determine speed
what is frequency
the number of crests in a given amount of time
what is period
the time it takes to complete a full wave cycle, measured in seconds
what is a mechanical wave
waves that require a medium to transfer their energy
what is a medium
a medium is any matter that will allow a wave to travel
name the two mechanical waves
transverse and longitudinal
what is a transverse wave
a medium that moves up and down, but the energy moves side to side (energy moves perpendicular to each other)
examples of a transverse wave
earthquakes, some properties of light, flicking a rope
what is a longitudinal wave
a medium moves side to side, and energy moves side by side (energy and medium move parrellel to each other)
examples of a longitudinal wave
sound waves and a slinky
what is the doppler effect
when an object making a sound is coming toward someone who is a stationary observer, this sound appears to be a higher frequency, when an object is going away from a stationary observer, the frequency seems to drop (the wave is being pushed the same was it is projecting)
how is the speed of sound determined
the tempature of the medium, and the medium itself
transonic
transonic
mach 1.0
supersonic
mach 1.0
hypersonic
mach 5.0
subsonic
mach 1.0
what is the speed of sound
340 m/s
what is resonance
the natural frequency at which a solid object vibrates
what is an electromagnetic spectrum
a wave that is not dependent on a medium
contains particles called protons
light is an example of an electromagnetic wave
radio
size: building
wave length: 10 3
frequency 10 4
microwave
size: people
wavelength: 10 -2
frequency: 10 8
infrared
size: ant
wavelength: 10 -5
frequency: 10 12
visible
size: pinpoint
wavelength: .5 times 10 -6
frequency: 10 15
ultraviolet
size: bacteria
wavelength: 10 -8
frequency: 10 16
x - ray
size: molecules
wavelength: 10 -10
frequncy: 10 18
gamma ray
size: atoms
wavelength: 10 -2
frequency: 10 20
visible light
travels in electromagnetic waves
also travels in tiny energy packets cslled photons
aplitude represents brightness
wavelength represents color
the speed of light in a cacuum is 300,000,000 m/s
how does light travel
light travels in a straight line through a single medium
light will bend as it moves through a medium
refraction
when waves speed up of slow down due to traaveling in a different medium
(object apears to bend)
reflection
is when light hits a medium and bounces back at the same speed
(creates mirror image)
absorbtion
light gets absorbed (black shirt)
energy goes into the medium
diffraction
the bending of light around a medium
whenever a light enters a prism, it always bends toward the base)
