civil war Flashcards
1.
what were the causes of the civil war
missouri compromise (1820), compromise of 1850, kansas-Nebraska act, dred scott decision, presidential election of 1860
order of secession
south carolina, mississippi, florida, alabama, georgia, louisiana, then texas
president of confederacy
jefferson davis
what is the capital of the cofederacy
richmond, west virginia
what happened in Fort Sumter
federal fort, controls access to charlotte harbor, SC. Confederates begin siege, no deaths but first battle of the civil war
civil war start and end dates
1861-1865
north strength
population, industry, railroads, naval power
north plan
anaconda plan, by winfield scott, George McClellan doesn’t like the plan and orders attack on richmond
south advantages
general Lee, military leaders, defensive war
south plan
definsive position, tire out the north, kind cotton diplomacy, trys to blackmail britian
new fighting styles
trench warfare, reinforced barricades, high casualty rates, naval blackade of ports, trench foot
the battle of bull run (battle of Manassas) generals
north: Irvin McDowell (not very good)
south: thomas “stonewall” jackson (amazing)
who won the battle of bull run
confederates
what happened after the bull run
McDowell realizes that he needs the anaconda plan and can’t march into Richmond (gets money + 300000 more troops)
improved tech
napoleon cannon (shoots a ton of metal peices)
rifles (a gun with more accurate shot)
trains (transcontinental railroad)
telegraphs (a little clicker to talk to people)
cameras (takes a lot of time to take the photo)
ironsides (makes iron ships)
battle of New Orleans
flag officer david farragut was born in the south but is loyal to america because he grew up being in the navy, lincoln wants him to control the mississippi river, but it is guarded by fort jackson and st. phillip. it is extremly hard to get in but they speed through with the help of wind and turned and shot the bases down while only loosing two ships.
seven days battle
series of small battles in virginia for a week. Union retreats even though confeds were taking more casuties, because Mclean always gets scared when he starts loosing soilders. Also, the main southern general Johnston got wounded and Robert E Lee rose to the top.
what two things does Robert E Lee do right when he becomes general
he gets Jeb Stuart to be a scout on horsback or calvary. He wants to start attacking the north and not defending the south.
battle of Antietam
Lee wants to invade north, but union soldiers find Lee’s plans. McClellan finally gets a chance to shine. Antietam turns to a bloody day because within the first hour confedrates lost 5000 men. Confederates retreated to the river but McClellan was too scared to follow. So later Lincoln fires him.
the emanipation proclamation
after the antietam battle lincoln makes a symbolic movement that free’s slaves from all confederate states exept for missouri, kentucky, west virginia, maryland and delware so they didn’t secede. they developed colored regiments from southern freed slaves, but they all had a white officer. White officer Colonet Robert Gould Shaw led 54th Massachusetts group and they dominated.
chancellorsville
Hooker vs. Lee. While he was on the battle field, stonewall jackson was mortally wounded by fire coming from his side. Lee said “losing my right arm” CSA won, Lee realized he should end the war because he lose his friend. So he sends everyone to the north.
Battle of Gettysburg
after stonewall died, Lee sent everyone to the north. Pickett’s charge, north has the highground and cemetery ridge. Lee tries one more thing. takes young general pickett to lead 12000 men and bust right up the middle so Lee can follow behind. pickett has to convince troops to go on “suicide mission” and they loose 7000 men. Big falure and the north wins. Gettysburg is the turning point of the war, south starts to loose and Gettysburg adress.
Siege at Vicksburg
Ulysses S Grant leads a long siege at the last stronghold of Mississippi, this will split the south into two. they can complete the anaconda plan. they loose 10000 men, and it lasts for a month. they want to fire Grant but Lincoln keeps him saying “I can’t lose this man, he fights”.
Grant’s plan
1st part is that william T Sherman will demoralize them by taking troops to georgia. 2nd part is he will take his army and go to virginia and beat Robert E Lee and end the war.
Grant’s Virginia Campaign
wilderness, spotyslvania, cold harbor, petersburg (10 month seige), Lee left Richmond, union army takes richmond
Sherman’s total war (sherman’s walk to the sea)
60 miles of military destruction, burns churches and schools and more.
election of 1864
held in the north, lincoln (rep) McClellan (dem). lincoln wanted to ensure border state support, had andrew Johnson, lincoln wins by more than 400000 votes.
apomattox court house
april 9, Lee surrendered to Grant. told soilders to lay down their weapons and go home. Grant fed the hungry soilders, civilized ending to a brutal war.
Monitor vs. Merrimack
battle between two ironsides, (battle of hampton roads, in the ocean) union was the monitor confeds were the merrimack was off the coast of virginia. It lasted for four hours and ended in a draw. The first day the CSS Virginia attacked and sank two traditional us ships. the second day the CSS virginia returned to attack a grounded ship and was met by the monitor. They both battled and both returned to port for repairs. this changed naval technology world-wide.
