SCIENCE (1ST QUARTER) Flashcards
What the point within the Earth where tectonic plate rocks start to break and
where seismic energy is released?
focus/hypocenter
The point on the crust directly above the hypocenter is the?
The epicenter
The Ring of Fire is located around the edges of the?
Pacific ocean/plate
Oceanic plates are made up of ________.?
basalt rock
The fractures in the Earth’s crust that result from the movement of tectonic plates are called
Faults
Right in the middle of an island, you can find a rift valley. What type of plate boundary exists on that island?
Divergenct boundary
The supercontinent from where present continents came from is named?
Pangaea
The San Andreas Fault is an example of this kind of fault, where nearly vertical fault planes slide in parallel but opposite directions.
Strike-slip up fault
An area in the mantle from which heat from deep within the Earth rises as a thermal plume is known as
Magma
Which theory considers the geographical features of the Earth’s surface as a result of the contraction and wrinkling of the planet as it cools down?
tectonic plate theory
Which type of plate boundary produces a very strong earthquake?
Convergent boundary
A process where two plates collide in which the denser plate goes beneath the less dense plate is called?
Subdunction
The theory of tectonic plates was initiated by?
Alfred Wegener
The process that produces new seafloors between two diverging plates is called?
Seafloor Spreading
Who proposed and what year The continental drift theory was?
Alfred Wegener in 1912
Is Pangea a Greek word that means?
“all the eart”
Pangea broke into smaller continents called?
Laurasia and Gondwanaland
What is the evidence for the continental drift theory(TCD)?
Fossils of living things. such as plants, rocks
What are the two continents that fit the most noticeably?
South america and africa
Originally the Continental drift theory was not well received by other scientists. Why?
There was no data showing the continents ever moved.
A preserved remains or traces of organisms (plants and animals) from the remote past?
Fossils
Who are the scientists proposed seafloor spreading and what year is it?
Harry Hess and Robert Dietz in 1960
What are the findings that support seafloor spreading Theory
- Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridge.
- Rocks far from the mid-ocean ridge are
older. - Sediments are thinner at the ridge.
- Rocks at the ocean floor are younger than
those at the continents.
How TSFT contradicts parts of CDT?
Because the theory of CDT plates moves not because there is ocean, he said that it only moves because it’s sturdy , larger continents broke throufgt the oceanic. Whereas, the
seafloor spreading shows that the
ocean is the actual site of tectonic
activity.
A vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy most often because of slippage along a fault in the earth’s crust?
Earthquake
This energy radiates in all directions from the focus in the form of waves called?
Seismic waves
What are the two types of seismic waves?
Body waves and surface waves
Can only travel through the surface of the earth?
surface waves
What are the two types of surface waves?
The love and rayleigh waves
Moves the ground in a side to side horizontal motion and names after A.E.H Love, a british matematician in 1911?
Love waves
Roles alongs the ground just line a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean/ moves up and down or side to side?
Rayleigh waves
Can travel through the Earth’s inner layers, used to study earth interior, have a higher frequency than the surface waves?
Body waves
What are the two types of body waves?
P wave and S wave
A pulse energy that travels quickly through the earth and through liquids, faster than the ther/after an earthquake it reaches a detector first/also known as the comprehesiional wave?
P wave
Pulse energy that travels slower than the other through earth and solids/ cannot travel through any liquid medium let seismolohist to conclude that the outer core is liquid?
S wave
Called magnetic ‘flip’ of the earth
geomagnetic reversal
What are the three types of boundaries?
Convergent, divergent, and transform boundary
are large pieces of the upper few hundred kilometers of Earth that move as single unit as it floats above the mantle.
Plates
