Science

Question 1

What is falsifiable?

Answer 1

You can prove an idea wrong, so the study is trying to prove things ‘wrong’ - disprove ideas

Question 2

What is objective?

Answer 2

No interpretation and no opinion/bias

Question 3

What is reductionism?

Answer 3

Reduce a complex phenomenon to constituent parts

(Does the study have a ‘simplified’ IV/DV… eliminate EVs etc)

Question 4

What is control?

Answer 4

We get rid of EVs/other things which affect the DV

Question 5

What is empirical?

Answer 5

You can directly/physically measure things

Question 6

What is cause and effect?

Answer 6

We know the IV causes the DV

Question 7

What is hypothesis testing (hypotheticodeductive model)?

Answer 7

We create a hypothesis and test to see if it true (if not we create another)

Question 8

What is internal validity?

Answer 8

We know the study is accurately measuring the correct things

Question 9

What is reliable?

Answer 9

Standardised so it can be repeated and we can see if the results are same

Question 10

What is paradigm?

Answer 10

Shared set of beliefs about what is being studied/the correct way to study

Question 11

How is Sherif reductionist?

Answer 11

Concludes that competition causes complex human behaviour (prejudice)

Question 12

How is Sherif high in reliability?

Answer 12

Standardised tasks e.g. bean counting

Question 13

How does Sherif lack control?

Answer 13

Field experiment in a summer camp

Question 14

Social

Answer 14

Personality: not objective, not empirical, questionnaires = subjective

Question 15

How is Baddeley objective?

Answer 15

Word recall was objectively measured (incorrect/correct accuracy %)

Question 16

How is Baddeley highly controlled?

Answer 16

Hearing test, standardised timings and activities

Question 17

How is Baddeley high in internal validity?

Answer 17

Matched pairs for participants

Question 18

Cognitive

Answer 18

Schemas: not empirical

Case studies = :(

Schmolck = :)

Question 19

How is Watson and Rayner reductionist?

Answer 19

Ignores other possible factors, reducing fear down to associating/conditioning

Question 20

How are Watson and Rayner objective?

Answer 20

Measuring behaviour every time it happens

Question 21

How are Watson and Rayner high in control?

Answer 21

Removed EVs (tested in a different room)

Tested for fears initially

Standardised procedure

Question 22

Learning

Answer 22

All = scientific

SLT acknowledges cognitive e.g. identification = less empirical

Question 23

How is Raine high in (internal) validity?

Answer 23

Took off medication, matched pairs, so unlikely to be another cause for aggression

Question 24

How is Raine not objective?

Answer 24

Brain scans are an objective measure but because Raine identifies that the brain activity is interpreted by a specialist so may be subjective

e.g. how do we know why some areas are more coloured than others?

Question 25

Biological

Answer 25

Pretty much everything = meets criteria

Not empirical, not falsfiable = psychodynamic and evolution

Question 26

How is Raine empirical?

Answer 26

Uses brain scans to directly measure brain activity

Question 27

How is Rosenhan empirical?

Answer 27

Measuring behaviour and treatment by doctors e.g. number of days, number of pills

OTOH: observations may be subjective

Question 28

How is Rosenhan reliable?

Answer 28

Standardised procedure of diagnosing pseudopatients e.g. “hollow” “thud” “empty”

Question 29

How does Rosenhan lack control?

Answer 29

Naturalistic observation

OTOH: high in ecological validity

Question 30

Clinical

Answer 30

NTs = empirical
Cognitive = not empirical

Question 31

How is Ainsworth reductionist?

Answer 31

Simplifies behaviour to a types of attachment

Question 32

How is Van Ijzendoorn reliable?

Answer 32

Meta-analysis can be repeated

Question 33

How is ToM not empirical?

Answer 33

Can not measure autism thoughts