Reductionism Flashcards
What is reductionism?
Idea that complicated behaviours can be better explained by simplifying them into smaller pieces
What is parsimony?
Finding the simplest accurate explanation for cognitive processes and behaviours
What is holism?
Views systems as more complex than the individual complexity of parts
How is Sherif reductionist? (3)
Ignores biological factors which could cause behaviour by only focusing on situational factors
Uses one variable in his study so reduces the complexity of prejudice down to a simple version of a situation
**Ignores individual factors e.g. authoritarian personality (those with high levels are more likely to be prejudice as they show hostility to those inferior), which influences prejudice
How is Baddeley reductionist? (2)
Uses simplified tasks e.g. word lists, so reduces memory to a system of information processing
Simplifies STM and LTM into one type of encoding whereas other theories have shown multiple types of encoding/storage e.g. WMM
How is Raine reductionist? (2)
Looks at individual brain areas rather the complexity of the whole brain e.g. amygdala and prefrontal lobe
Ignores environmental factors e.g. upbringing/life events as a factor in causing behaviour
OTOH: brain differences are aggressive so conclusions may be more holistic
How is Watson & Rayner reductionist? (2)
Uses classical conditioning which sees behaviour being able to be broken down to a simple formula e.g. phobias
Assumes phobias are learnt through association only
OTOH: if it is learning that is being studied, that is in itself just part of human behaviour and so it might be acceptable to use a reductionist approach
How is Rosenhan reductionist? (2)
Uses DSM which ignores spiritual factors and focuses on medical explanations so criteria used in 12 hospitals ignores key elements in other cultures
DSM breaks down complex mental illnesses into a list of symptoms e.g. reducing symptoms of Sz into words like “thump”
OTOH: collected qualitative and quantitative data so less reductionist
How is Li reductionist?
Simplifies quality of day care down to easy measures e.g. scoring above 3 = good quality day care
How is EMB reductionist?
Ignores other factors e.g. cognition, birth complications etc
How is Ainsworth reductionist?
Used only 3 types of attachment, Main and Solomon suggest there is a 4th type
