Nature vs Nurture

Question 1

What is nature?

Answer 1

Influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors

Question 2

What is nurture?

Answer 2

Environmental factors that influence the development and behaviour of a person

Question 3

What is interactionism?

Answer 3

The mind is composed of two separate entities, mind and body, each of which affects the other

Question 4

How is Raine nature (3)?

Answer 4

Handedness was not accounted for so its a biological factor which influences brain structure and activity

Matched on schizophrenia (biologically based illness)

Brain structures/activities affect behaviour e.g. high activity in amygdala leads to violence

Question 5

How is Raine nurture?

Answer 5

Environment could cause brain differences

Question 6

How is Watson & Rayner nature? (2)

Answer 6

UCS -> UCR relationship is a natural reaction e.g. Albert responding with fear and shock to the pipe banging

Flooding works because sympathetic nervous system can’t remain in the alarm state, demonstrates impact of nature

Question 7

How is Watson & Rayner nurture?

Answer 7

Flooding and systematic desensitisation work using environmental stimuli

Question 8

How is Sherif nature?

Answer 8

Rivalry, competition etc might come from evolution (fighting over resources)

Question 9

How is Sherif nurture? (2)

Answer 9

Superordinate goals reduced the conflict, showing the effects of the environment

Results may differ in another culture

OTOH: results could be the same

Question 10

How is Baddeley nurture?

Answer 10

Only did his research in one location so we can’t be sure that biological factors were not a factor in the results about encoding

OTOH: if encoding is the same for everyone, it would indicate the effects of nature, as universal things often are

Question 11

How is Peterson & Peterson nurture?

Answer 11

Showed influence of rehearsal on STM to improve student learning

Question 12

How is the case of HM nature?

Answer 12

Unable to remember factual information after surgery so the two stores of memory which Baddeley looked at could be nature

Question 13

How is Clive Wearing nurture?

Answer 13

Illness prevented new memories being stored

Question 14

How is Rosenhan nurture? (3)

Answer 14

Cultural differences in illness are due to nurture e.g. some people in other cultures might not have seen the symptoms reported as schizophrenic

Social norms (typical behaviours of Sz) are nurture

Diagnosis, and how pseudopatients were treatment were influenced by the environment

Question 15

How is Rosenhan nature?

Answer 15

Drugs work by altering biology

Question 16

How are the NT explanations nature?

Answer 16

Neurotransmitters influence depression and schizophrenia

e.g. hypodopaminergia/hyperdopaminergia

e.g. low levels of serotonin = symptoms of depression e.g. low mood/high anxiety

Question 17

How is the genetic explanation of Sz nature?

Answer 17

Chances of Sz increases when you are related to someone with Sz

e.g. 1% (spouse) vs 48% (Mz twins)

Question 18

How is Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenburg nature? (2)

Answer 18

All 3 attachment types are seen worldwide

Secure attachment is the most common

OTOH: cultural variations in attachment suggests nature

Question 19

How is Bowlby nurture?

Answer 19

Looks at relationships with parents and upbringing

IWM is a nurture concept

OTOH: heavy focus on evolution