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Final Exams Gr.5 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is things that allow us to move around.

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2
Q

What do we need energy for?

A

We need it to move and to get electriity.

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3
Q

Where does energy come from?

A

The sun

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4
Q

What is a fossil fuel?

A

A fossil fuel is a fuel found deep underground- mined to get.

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5
Q

How is it formed?
(Fossil fuels)

A

Fossil fuels are formed when the remains of organisms were buried deep in the Earth for millions of years ago, over a long time heat and pressure converted the remains of the organisms into fossil fuels.

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6
Q

What is input energy?

A

The energy we need to put in to start a fuel burning.

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7
Q

What is output energy?

A

The energy that is produced when a fuel burns.

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8
Q

What are examples of fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels include:
petroleum (oil) ; coal ; natural gases.

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9
Q

How is coal formed?

( ____ + _____ = coal )

A

Animal material + presure / heat = coal.

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10
Q

How is Oil formed?

( ____ + _____ = oil )

A

Plant material+Pressure / heat = oil

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11
Q

How is natural gas formed?

( ____ + _____ = natural gas)

A

Animal Material + more pressure/heat = natural gas

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12
Q

What does light energy do help us with/do and what is an example of it?

A

Makes things visible, a torch.

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13
Q

What does kinetic energy help with/do and what is an example of it?

A

Makes things move, running

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14
Q

What does thermal energy help with/do and what is an example?

A

Comes from heat, boiling the kettle

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15
Q

What does sound energy help with/do and what is an example?

A

Formed by vibrating sound waves, music

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16
Q

What does nuclear energy help with/do and what is an example?

A

Energy released during a nuclear reaction when an atom is split / fused, the sun.

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17
Q

What does chemical energy help with/do and what is an example?

A

Stored energy that is released during a chemical reation, batteries.

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18
Q

What does electrical energy help with/do and what is an example?

A

Energy consumed in the form of eletricity-comes from electrons, electricity.

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19
Q

What does potential energy help with/do and what is an example?

A

Energy stored in an object, pogo stick.

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20
Q

What are the 3 things on a fire triangle and where are they placed?

A

Fuel-bottom; oxygen-left; heat-right.

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21
Q

A flame will only burn if it has 3 things, what are those things and why is it needed?

A
  • Fuel-something to burn
  • oxygen-found in the air
  • Imput energy-something to start the burning.
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22
Q

What are the actions to take during a fire, name three?

( you may name all six if wanted )

A
  • Stay calm
  • stay low to avoid smake
  • go to nearest exit
  • crawl if neccessary
  • call 10111
  • check if door is hot before opening it
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23
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Where can energy also be stored in and what does that make things do?

A

Cells and batteries makes things operate

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24
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Batteries come in many different ___ and ___.

A

Shapes ; Sizes

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25
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Battery used for portable electrical devices

A

Dry cells

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26
Q

Cells and Batteries:

For a cell to work what is converted, where and into what?

A

Chemicals inside a cell are converted into electrical energy / eletricity

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27
Q

Cells and Batteries:

A battery is usually a collection of what connected where to where?

A

Collection of cells connect end to end

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28
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Or a battery could just be …

other than a collection of cells

A

Just one cell

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29
Q

Cells and Batteries:

What does a battery consist of?

A

An outer case and a carbon rod in the centre of cell

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30
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Give a conductors of electricity?

(inside a cell)

A

Carbon rod

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31
Q

Cells and Batteries:

How many cells does a car have?

A

6 large cells

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32
Q

Cells and Batteries:

What are the names of both ends of cells/batteries?

A

Positive and negative

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33
Q

Cells and Batteries:

What are conductors of electricity?

A

A material that allows electrical curents to pass through them easily.

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34
Q

Cells and Batteries:

What do conductors of electricity link and to create what?

A

Used to link the positive and negative ends creating a circuit

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35
Q

Cells and Batteries:

What is a circuit?

A

A complete path around which electricity can flow

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36
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Do switches work when they are open or closed?

A

Closed

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37
Q

Cells and Batteries:

How do switches work when closed?

A

Electricity can flow around the circuit and it lights up the light bulb

LIght bulb / any source being powered by this electricity

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38
Q

Cells and Batteries:

How do switches work when open?

A

There is a break in the circuit and the light bulb won’t glow

Light bulb / source trying to be powered by the electricity

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39
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Flowing energy

What is it measured in

A

amperes (amps.)

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40
Q

Cells and Batteries:

Electrical energy stored in battery

(potential energy) Measured in what?

A

Volts (v.)

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41
Q

Mains electricity:

Where does the electricity for our homes/buildings come from?

A

Huge power stations

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42
Q

Mains electricity:

From there where is it transferred in and then back where?

From there = Power station

A

Transferred in circuit to homes then back to station

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43
Q

Mains electricity:

From power station what happens

(step 1) (how electricity gets to us)

A

Large amount of electricity travel to substations through transmission lines held by pylons

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44
Q

Mains electricity:

From substation what happens

(step 2) (how electricity gets to us)

A

Smaller amount of electricity are transferred through distribution lines to electricity boxes

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45
Q

Mains electricity:

What is the last step

(step 3) (How electricity gets to us)

A

Wires connected from the electrical box connect to lights/plug points

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46
Q

Mains electricity:

Where do stations mostly get energy from

A

Burning coal (fossil fuel)

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47
Q

Mains electricity:

4 other types:

(Where stations get energy from)

A
  • Water - hydro-electric power
  • nuclear energy /power
  • geo-thermal - steam power
  • wind - wind turbines
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48
Q

How electricity gets to us:

coal fired power

What is it? -step one

A

Place where electricity is generated

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49
Q

How electricity gets to us:

Step up transformer

What is it? - step two

A

Increases power to send electrical current over a long distance to homes

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50
Q

How electricity gets to us:

Cables

What is it?

A

Thick wires that take electricity over long distances

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51
Q

How electricity gets to us:

Pylons

What is it?

A

Tall metal structures to support cables

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52
Q

How electricity gets to us:

Step down transformer

What is it? -step three

A

Decreases power to use in homes

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53
Q

How electricity gets to us:

Wooden poles

What is it?

A

Structures holding wires that carry electricity to homes

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54
Q

Safety with electricity:

Do not use/touch broken plugs/damaged cords

Why not?

A

Plugs could spark and cause fire, you could get electricuted

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55
Q

What is an insulator

A

A substance or device which does not conduct electricity

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56
Q

Insulator-example

Give an example

A

Rubber shoes

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57
Q

The Earth:

Scientists who study space

Are called …

A

Astronomers

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58
Q

The Earth:

Where do they work

( the astronomers )

A

Special buildings - Observateries

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59
Q

The Earth:

What happens inside

(inside the observateries)

A

Workers observe the sky to find out more about the solar system

Workers/astronomers

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60
Q

The Earth:

What watches the sky from observateries

Other than the astronomers

A

Telescopes

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61
Q

The Earth:

What are telescopes

A

Powerful machines that make small objects look bigger

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62
Q

The Earth:

Where is the best place to study

( study the solor system )

A

Sutherlands

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63
Q

The Earth:

Why?

Why is it the best place to study the solar system?

A

No one lives there, very little rainfall and is the darkest place on Earth

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64
Q

The Earth:

Which galaxy is Earth in

A

The milky way

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65
Q

The Earth:

The Milky Way

What is it

A

A galaxy which is home to our solar system and at least 20 billion stars

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66
Q

The Earth:

Solar system

Is what ?

A

Our sun and everything around it

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67
Q

The Earth:

Solar System - shape

A

Elliptical shape

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68
Q

The Earth:

Each planet - own …

What does each planet have it’s own of

A

moons

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69
Q

Define:

Orbit

-Meaning

A

The curved path of an object around a star/planet/moon

70
Q

Define:

Elliptical

-Meaning

A

Egg shaped

71
Q

Define:

Galaxy

-Meaning

A

A system of billions of stars and planets

72
Q

Define:

Comets

-Meaning

A

Objects made of frozen gases, rock and dust which orbits the Sun

73
Q

Define:

Asteroids

-Meaning

A

Small rocky bodies that travel around the sun

74
Q

Planets:

Name the first 4 planets

(in order)

A
  1. Mercury 3. Earth
  2. Venus 4. Mars
75
Q

Planets:

Name the last 4 planets

(in order)

A
  1. Jupiter 3. Uranus
  2. Saturn 4. Neptune
76
Q

The Earth moves:

2 ways Earth spins

What are they

A

Rotates - rotation
relvolves - revolution

77
Q

The Earth moves: Rataion

Rotation - meaning

78
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Earth spins on what

79
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Axis

-Meaning

A

Inaginary line cutting through the centre of a planet

80
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Earth spins - how

How does Earth spin

A

’ Leaning over ‘

81
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Rotation - meaning

In the form of planets

A

To spin round an axis

82
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Earth rotates …

Where to where

A

West to East

83
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

How long does it take

To rotate from West to East

84
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Where does Earth face when daytime

85
Q

The Earth moves: Rotation

Where does Earth face when nighttime

A

Away from Sun

86
Q

The Earth moves: Revolution

Revolution

- both meanings
- actual meaning
- term used in space

A
  • To turn
  • Used to describe the movement of an object around a fixed point
87
Q

The Earth moves: Revolution

Earth __ around Sun

What is the missing word

88
Q

The Earth moves: Revolution

Each planet owns it’s own pathway around Sun - called what

(What is the pathway around the sun called)

A

It’s orbit

89
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Fifth largest __ __ in Solar system

(fill in both words)

A

Natural satellite

90
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Atmosphere on moon

( yes / no )

91
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Moon has quakes
- why

A

By gravitational pull of Earth

92
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

What is the Moon surrounded by

What is it’s name and what is it

A

Huge shell of molten rock - lunar magma ocean

93
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Made of … …

What is the moon made of
-NOT CHEESE!!

A

Rock and dust

94
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Surface of Moon has

What is on the surface of the Moon

A

Craters and mountain and river-like valleys

95
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Mountain and river-like valleys - called

96
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Type of features - rilles

What type of features are rilles

A

Volcanic features

97
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

Moons nearest neighbour

is what

98
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

How far away is the moon from Earth

A

384 000 km

99
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

How long does it take the Moon to orbit Earth

100
Q

The moon: Features of the Moon

How long will it be taking to orbit Earth

( Because it is drifting away )

A

Around 47 days

101
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

What lights up the Moon

A

The Sun lights up one side of the moon

102
Q

The moon: Features of the moon

How long will footprints remain visible and why

A

At least 10 million years because there is no erosion on the Moon

103
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

How are the Moon phases produced

A

By the alignment of the Moon and the Sun in the sky

104
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

What is the lunar phase

(of the Moon)

A

The part of the Moon you can see from Earth depending on how much it is lit up by the Sun

105
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

What do the phases of Moon depend on

A

The position in relation to the Sun and Earth

106
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

What are “phases”

( of the moon )

A

When the moon orbits Earth, we see bright parts of the moon’s surface at different angles

107
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

How many phases are there

(of the moon)

108
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

Why is the Moon illuminated

A

It reflects the light from the Sun

109
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

Which part of the moon is lit up

A

Part facing the Sun

110
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

What part of the Moon is in darkness

A

Part facing away from the Sun

111
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

What is the first phase of the Moon

A

The New Moon

112
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

How long does a new Moon to full moon take

( full cycle of the phases )

A

29 and a half days

113
Q

The moon: Phases of the Moon

Moon orbits near the … of the Earth

(fill in the missing word)

114
Q

The moon:

The Moon rises in the … and sets in the …

(fill in the missing words)

A

East ; West

115
Q

Rocks:

What is Earth known as as a planet

A

The rocky planet

116
Q

Rocks:

What are the three main layers of the Earth

A

Crust, mantle and core

117
Q

Rocks:

What does the crust form

A

The surface of the Earth

118
Q

Rocks:

What is the crust either covered by

A

Soil or Water

119
Q

Rocks:

Which is the thinnest layer, and what does it consist mainly of

(of the Earth)

A

Crust consists mainly of solid rock

120
Q

Rocks:

How is soil formed and in which layer

(layer of the Earth)

A

Rock in the crust breaks up forming soil

121
Q

Rocks:

List the layers of the crust from top to bottom

A
  1. Topsoil
  2. Subsoil
  3. Pieces of rock/soil
  4. Solid rock/bedrock
122
Q

Rocks:

What is the topsoil made of

A

Nutrient-rich soil with humus

123
Q

Rocks:

What is the subsoil made of

A

Small rocks and soil where some nutrients from topsoil have washed down

124
Q

Rocks:

Causes of rock to break up

(three ways)

A
  1. Temperature (of day and night)
  2. Roots and plants
  3. Water (rain, rivers, sea)
125
Q

Rocks:

How does heat from sun and cold from the night break up rock

A

Rocks crack from expansion (from heat) and contraction (from cold)

126
Q

Rocks:

How do roots and plants break up rocks

A

As the roots grow in the gaps of rocks, they widen the cracks, eventually breaking the rock into pieces

127
Q

Rocks:

How does water break up rocks

A

When water freezes, it expands. The ice then works as a wedge. It slowly widens the cracks and splits the rock.

128
Q

Things needed to live:

(four things)

A
  1. Soil
  2. air
  3. water
  4. sunlight
129
Q

Layers of the Earth:

Crust

A

Covers the Earth’s surface

130
Q

Layers of the Earth:

Mantle

A

Thickest layer of Earth (mainly solid)

131
Q

Layers of the Earth:

Outer core

A

Made of liquid

132
Q

Layers of the Earth:

Outer core

A

Made of liquid

133
Q

Layers of the Earth:

Inner core

A

Solid, metal ball

134
Q

Layers of the Earth:

What are the outer and inner core made of

A

Nickel and iron

135
Q

Types of Soils: Sandy soil

What is the texture of the sand grains

( it = sandy soil )

A

Course sand grains

Course / rough

136
Q

Types of Soils: Sandy soil

Particles are …

137
Q

Types of Soils: Sandy soil

How does it feel

A

Gritty in hand

138
Q

Types of Soils: Sandy soil

Size of gaps between particles

139
Q

Types of Soils: Sandy soil

What does it allow to flow through it

(becuase of the big gaps)

140
Q

Types of Soils: Sandy soil

What happens to water in it

A

Flows straight through it

141
Q

Types of Soils: Clay Soil

Particles are …

A

Small / fine

142
Q

Types of Soils: Clay Soil

Size of gaps

(between particles)

A

Small gaps

143
Q

Types of Soils: Clay Soil

… is held well

(fill in word)

144
Q

Types of Soils: Clay Soil

Doesn’t allow … … to flow through

(fill in missing words)

145
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

Why is it a perfect balance

A

Mixture of clay and sand particles

146
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

How

(is it a mixture of soils)

A

Has small and big particles

147
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

It allows some … through

(fill in missing word)

A

Air to flow through

148
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

Able to hold water but … …

(fill in missing words)

A

Good drainage

149
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

Also contains …

(Fill in missing word)

150
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

Humus - colour

A

Dark in colour

151
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

What is humus

A

Decomposing plant/animal matter from organisms that died in the soil

152
Q

Types of Soils: Loamy soil

What does humus do to soil

A

Adds nutrients to soil and helps to aerate it

153
Q

Define:

Aerate

-meaning

A

Makes air spaces to allow more air into it

154
Q

Fossils:

Fossil

(is what)

A

The remains of plants and animals that lived thousands of years ago

155
Q

Fossils:

Where are fossils preserved

A

In layers of rock

156
Q

Fossils:

Why are fossils important

A

Provide us with a picture of what life was long ago

157
Q

Fossils:

How do we know about extinct organisms

A

From fossils

158
Q

Fossils:

Most fossils found in … …

(fill in missing words)

A

Sedimentary rock

159
Q

Fossils:

Most fossils found in … …

(fill in missing words)

A

Sedimentary rock

160
Q

Fossils:

How is sedimentary rock formed

A

When layers of eroded earth are deposited on top of each other, these layer are pressed down through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn to rock

161
Q

Fossils:

Process of fossilisation:

A

Animal dies and soft parts of body decay, skeleton is covered by sand and mud before it can decay, over thousands of years the layers cause pressure which makes the skeleton harden to rock, over more thousands of years, the rock is eroded by wind and water to expose the fossil

162
Q

Types of fossils:

Types of fossils:

(what are the 2 main types of fossils)

A

Body and trace fossils

163
Q

Types of fossils: Body fossils

Body fossils

-are what

A

Preserved body parts of an organism

164
Q

Types of fossils: Body fossils

Give 3 examples of them:

(6 examples are given in answered if wanted)

A

Fossiled bones, teeth, shells, leaves, stems or seeds

165
Q

Types of fossils: Body fossils

… has decomposed leaving these parts of body behind to be …

(fill in missing words)

A

Soft tissue (muscle and skin tissue) … fossillised

166
Q

Types of fossils: Body fossils

What do body fossils tell us a lot about

A

The lifestyle of the animal/plant

167
Q

Types of fossils: Trace fossils

Trace fossils

-are what

A

Signs of life that have been preserved

168
Q

Types of fossils: Trace fossils

What do they give

A

Give evidence the organism once lived on Earth

169
Q

Types of fossils: Trace fossils

What is it not made of

A

Not mades of parts of the organsim itself

170
Q

Types of fossils: Trace fossils

Give 2 example

(5 are given in answer if wanted)

A

Fossilised footprints, droppings, leaf impressions, burrows, nests

171
Q

Types of fossils: Trace fossils

They tells us more about …

A

The way the organism lived

Final Exams Gr.5 (11 decks)

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