History (term 3 - ancient Egypt) Flashcards
How was North Africa’s vegetation and who lived and roamed there 10 000 years ago?
The vegetation in North Africa was covered in grassland and the hunter-gather used to roam around hunting and gathering food.
What are hunter-gathers known as?
’ Nomads ‘
What did the hunter-gathers learn to do 6000 years ago?
6000 years ago the hunter-gathers learned how to keep animals and plant crops.
What happened to North Africa as time went on?
The rain became less and the land became desert-like.
There was something that was not enough for man and beast to survive, what was this thing and what did the people start to do?
There wasn’t enough water so the people started to move towards the rivers.
What did the hunter-gathers do along the banks of the rivers?
They started to settle along the banks of the rivers.
What did the hunter-gathers soon start to do after they settled along the banks of the rivers?
They started to grow wheat and barley and farmed with animals.
Where was a popular place to settle and why?
The Nile River was a popular place to settle because it was the longest river in the world.
Where does the Nile begin, where does it flow through and which sea does it join on to?
The Nile begins in the highlands of central Africa, flows through Egypt where it joins the Mediterranean sea.
What is the Nile valley?
It is a thin strip of fertile soil in Egypt.
What did the Egyptians use the Nile for?
There are five uses
For drinking, irrigation, fishing, mud and reeds and they sailed around it to transport goods.
The Egyptians sailed on the Nile, what did the boats transport?
The boat transported cattle, stone, wood and people.
What was the land like along the banks of the Nile River and what grew easily?
The land was very fertile and crops grew easily.
Why was the soil along the Nile so fertile?
It was so fertile because once a year, every year the Nile flooded.
What happened when the flood water drained away?
The water left a layer of fertile soil behind.
What was the area along the banks of the Nile called and why?
The Black Land because of the fertile black mud that was left behind after the river flooded.
What did the farmers plant after the Nile flooded and when did they harvest it?
They planted wheat and barley and it was harvested in Summer.
What animals did the farmers also keep?
Sheep, goats and cattle.
What was there not enough of next to the river for all farmers and what did some of the farmers have to do instead?
There wasn’t enough land along the river so some farmers had to settle away from the river.
The farmers who settled away from the river needed something for their crops they couldn’t access what was this thing and what did they do about it?
They needed water for their crops and so they built canals and ditches to transport water from the river to their farms.
The farmers who couldn’t access water did something about it - what is it called that they did?
Irrigation
What is a shaduf and how does it operate?
A shaduf is a hand-operated device for lifting water. A bucket/skin is hung on a rope from the long end and a counter weight is hung on the short end.
Who is Amun?
(-A god)
What did he do, how did he look?
Created everything, human body and ram’s head.
Who is Thoth?
(-A god)
God of what, created what, looked like?
God of wisdom, writing, time and moon, created hieroglyphics, head of ibis bird.
Name the social structure of ancient Egypt from one being the highest and eight being the lowest:
1. …….
8………
- Pharaoh 5. Scribes
- Visiers 6. Craftsmen
- Nobles 7. Farmers
- Soldiers 8. Slaves
There was many of something that the Egyptians believe in, what was this?
They believed in many gods.
Who was the main god and how was he shown?
Ra, the sun god was the main god, shown as a hawk or beetle.
What was built for the gods and what was made inside it?
Temples were built where offerings were made to the gods.
Who made the offerings and why did they make them?
Why did this specific person do it?
Priest made the offerings to the gods and they made them because they were appointed as the priest.
What did the priest become?
They became very rich and powerful.
What was pharaoh thought of as?
Pharaoh was thought to be a god as well.
What was done in temples for pharaoh?
People could worship pharaoh in these temples.
What else did the Egyptians believe in?
As well as gods
They believed in life after death.
What did the Egyptians do to important people once they had died and why?
They buried important people in tombs with all the things that they may need in their next life.
What did they do to they dead bodies before putting them into their tombs and how did they do this?
They would preserve the bodies with a mixture of spices and chemicals it was then wrapped in special cloth before put into a coffin.
What is the process of preserving the bodies called?
Mummifications
What are preserved and wrapped up bodies called?
They are called mummies.
When was king Tutankhamun’s tomb discovered?
1922
Who led the expedition that discovered the tomb?
Howard Carter
When was king tut born?
1341 B.C
Why was his dad controversial?
Because he only worshiped one god not all and he moved the capital of theives.
How old was king tut when he became king?
9 years old
Who did King Tut marry?
His half-sister
How many children did they have?
2 daughters
What tragedy did they suffer?
Their daughters died before being born.
How old was king tut when he died?
19 years old
What was found in the third of his nesting coffins?
A beautiful golden mask with glass and gemstones on it was found in the third nesting coffin.
How many times was the tomb robbed?
Twice but not badly.
What was Howard’s reply when he was asked if he could see anything?
’ Yes wonderful things ‘ was his reply.
How many items were found in the tomb?
5000 items
How many years did it take to document and move every single finding?
10 years
What did they invent and what did it measure?
(in Mathematics and astronomy)
Invented the sundial used to measure time.
What were they the first people to do not using magic?
(in medicine/physicians/doctors)
First people to find physical reason for disease.
What did they know alot about?
(in medicine/physicians/doctors)
The human body
What did they even know that could tell you if you were sick?
(in medicine/physicians/doctors)
Took pulse
What would they do to sick people?
(in medicine/physicians/doctors)
Ask questions and examine them
What did they take and why?
(in medicine/physicians/doctors)
Took aspirin for pains/fevers
