History (term 4 - heritage sites) Flashcards
Which heritage site is Gauteng home to?
The cradle of humankind world heritage site.
What is the cradle of humankind home to?
It is home to around 40% of the worlds human ancestor’s fossils.
What were the most famous caves?
Sterkfontein, Swartkrans + Kromdraai
Where is The Cradle of Humankind situated?
Mainly in Gauteng but a small section extends to the North West province.
Why is it called the ‘Cradle of Humankind’?
Because it has a number of sites with fossilized remains of the earliest members of the human family as well as stone, bone and horn tools.
What does the Cradle of Humankind consist of?
It consists of a dozen caves with fossilized remains of ancient forms of animals, plants and hominids.
How did the caves develop in the Cradle of Humankind?
They developed in warm sea around 2,3 billion years ago.
What did Dr. Robert Broom find in the Sterkfontein caves?
He found a 2 -3 million year old hominid skull - Mrs Ples, a skull of a species of early man.
When did the excavations start?
( That Dr. Rovert Broom led)
1936
Dr. Robert Broom discovered a skull of a species of man, what did he initially call it and what did it change to?
Initially it was named Plesianthropus transvaalensis now referred to as Australopithecus africanus.
What did Dr. Ron Clarke discover in the Sterkfontein caves?
He discovered ‘Little Foot’.
What is ‘Little Foot’?
( the thing that Dr. Ron Clarke found )
A near complete fossil skeleton of a species of Australopithecus, 3 million years old.
What do archaeologigists do?
Study fossils/ancient items
What have archeologists found at Sterkfontein?
(other than fossils of humans)
They found ancient stone tools used about 2 million years ago.
Who used these stone tools 2 million years ago?
The Homo
Who else used tools - what type of tools and where have we found evidence of this?
Other than the homo
Some Ape Men used bone tools and we have found evidence of this at Swartkrans.
Swartkrans also yielded evidence of something by early Homo what is this ‘something’ ?
Swartkrans also yielded evidence of the first use of controlled fire by early Homo.
What type of heritage is Mpumalanga known for?
Heritage in objects.
In which province is Mapungubwe in?
Limpopo
Where is Mpumalanga set?
Against the Northern border of SA joining Zimbabwe and Botswana.
What does Mpumalanga mean?
It means ‘place of the stone wisdom’.
What is special about Mpumalanga to SA?
It was SA’s first kingdom.
What did the people in Mpumalanga trade with and with who?
They traded gold and ivory with China, India, and Egypt.
What does the University of Pretoria have a lot of?
Artifacts made of gold/other materials
In how many graves were bodies seated in a certain position?
Three
In what position were these bodies buried in and what were they associated with in this position?
(in the the three graves)
Upright seated position associated with royalty.
What were these bodies buried with?
(bodies seated in the upright position)
They were buried with a variety of gold and copper items, exotic glass beads, and other prestigious objects.
What is the most spectacular of the gold discoveries and how was it made?
Little gold rhino, made of gold foil and tacked with minute pins around a wooden core.
What does the golden rhino symbolize?
It is a symbol of leadership among the Shona people of Zimbabwe.
What else did they find together?
(other than golden rhino)
Golden Sceptre + Golden Bowl
What heritage site is home to the Western Cape?
The Castle of Good Hope.
When was the Castle of Good Hope built and who built it?
In January 1666 by soldiers, slaves and sailors.
What was the Castle of Good Hope constantly under threat for and why?
It was under threat of being demolished for personal and materialistic gain.
What was built to replace the old entrance and when was it built?
The Gateway built in 1682 replaced the old entrance facing the sea.
What are the two pilasters, entablature, and pediment built out of?
Grey-blue stone.
What is the entrance made of?
It is made of small yellow bricks.
What are the small yellow bricks that make the entrance called and why was it used?
Ijselstene, making it a unique example of 17th century Dutch classicism at the cape.
Sections of what previously formed part of the defense system, when was it rebuilt and during what was it rebuilt?
Sections of the moat formed part of the defense system, were rebuilt in 1992 during restorations.
What is the Castle of Good Hope referred to by the Khoina and what does it mean?
The Castle of Good Hope is referred to as ‘Kui keip’ meaning Stone Kraal by the Khoina.
Who were placed at Castle by the D.E.I.C and to do what?
(D.E.I.C- Dutch East Indian Company)
Soldiers to protect against British + French.
Why was the Castle of Good Hope built?
For ships to stock up on goods and to protect its interests along the ‘Spice route’.
The Castle of Good Hope was a welcome sight for who?
Sailors.
Up to how long were the sailors at sea?
Up to six months.
What did the sailors refer cape town to as?
As “Tavern of the Seas”.
What does VOC stand for in English?
Dutch East India Company.
What type of heritage is the Eastern Cape known for?
Heritage in indigenous medicine.
Which plant is very important to the Eastern Cape heritage?
The Aloe Ferox.
What was the Aloe Ferox used for long ago?
Medicine
There is many of something in the Eastern Cape what is this?
There are many Aloe plants in the Eastern cape.
Who used the Aloe as medicine and how do we know this?
Hunter-gathers and herders, we know this from rock paintings.
Who used powder from the Aloe (in the time of the early farmers) and for what?
Herbalists used powder from the Aloe to heal wounds and stomach problems.
Who were moving away from the British at the Cape travelled through the Eastern Cape? (Give both names)
The Dutch farmers / trekboers
Who were moving away from the British at the Cape travelled through the Eastern Cape? (Give both names)
The Dutch farmers / trekboers
Do we still use Aloe today?
Yes
Where do we use Aloe today?
In health drinks and in creams that heal the skin and keep it healthy.
What heritage is North West known for?
Heritage in architecture
Being more specific, what heritage in architecture do we remember Kaditshwene for?
We remember Kaditshwene for the Stone walled town of Kaditshwene.
In the North West there are remain of four very large ______.
Towns
When were these towns built?
In the 1700s onwards.
Before the 1700s onwards where did Iron Age farmers in this area have to live?
In homesteads.
What went wrong in the 1700s?
The 1700s were a violent time as farming communities raided each other.
Because of what went wrong in the 1700s what did farmers do?
Farmers joined together to live in the large towns to defend themselves.
