History (term 4 - heritage sites)

Question 1

Which heritage site is Gauteng home to?

Answer 1

The cradle of humankind world heritage site.

Question 2

What is the cradle of humankind home to?

Answer 2

It is home to around 40% of the worlds human ancestor’s fossils.

Question 3

What were the most famous caves?

Answer 3

Sterkfontein, Swartkrans + Kromdraai

Question 4

Where is The Cradle of Humankind situated?

Answer 4

Mainly in Gauteng but a small section extends to the North West province.

Question 5

Why is it called the ‘Cradle of Humankind’?

Answer 5

Because it has a number of sites with fossilized remains of the earliest members of the human family as well as stone, bone and horn tools.

Question 6

What does the Cradle of Humankind consist of?

Answer 6

It consists of a dozen caves with fossilized remains of ancient forms of animals, plants and hominids.

Question 7

How did the caves develop in the Cradle of Humankind?

Answer 7

They developed in warm sea around 2,3 billion years ago.

Question 8

What did Dr. Robert Broom find in the Sterkfontein caves?

Answer 8

He found a 2 -3 million year old hominid skull - Mrs Ples, a skull of a species of early man.

Question 9

When did the excavations start?

( That Dr. Rovert Broom led)

Answer 9

1936

Question 10

Dr. Robert Broom discovered a skull of a species of man, what did he initially call it and what did it change to?

Answer 10

Initially it was named Plesianthropus transvaalensis now referred to as Australopithecus africanus.

Question 11

What did Dr. Ron Clarke discover in the Sterkfontein caves?

Answer 11

He discovered ‘Little Foot’.

Question 12

What is ‘Little Foot’?

( the thing that Dr. Ron Clarke found )

Answer 12

A near complete fossil skeleton of a species of Australopithecus, 3 million years old.

Question 13

What do archaeologigists do?

Answer 13

Study fossils/ancient items

Question 14

What have archeologists found at Sterkfontein?

(other than fossils of humans)

Answer 14

They found ancient stone tools used about 2 million years ago.

Question 15

Who used these stone tools 2 million years ago?

Answer 15

The Homo

Question 16

Who else used tools - what type of tools and where have we found evidence of this?

Other than the homo

Answer 16

Some Ape Men used bone tools and we have found evidence of this at Swartkrans.

Question 17

Swartkrans also yielded evidence of something by early Homo what is this ‘something’ ?

Answer 17

Swartkrans also yielded evidence of the first use of controlled fire by early Homo.

Question 18

What type of heritage is Mpumalanga known for?

Answer 18

Heritage in objects.

Question 19

In which province is Mapungubwe in?

Answer 19

Limpopo

Question 20

Where is Mpumalanga set?

Answer 20

Against the Northern border of SA joining Zimbabwe and Botswana.

Question 21

What does Mpumalanga mean?

Answer 21

It means ‘place of the stone wisdom’.

Question 22

What is special about Mpumalanga to SA?

Answer 22

It was SA’s first kingdom.

Question 23

What did the people in Mpumalanga trade with and with who?

Answer 23

They traded gold and ivory with China, India, and Egypt.

Question 24

What does the University of Pretoria have a lot of?

Answer 24

Artifacts made of gold/other materials

Question 25

In how many graves were bodies seated in a certain position?

Answer 25

Three

Question 26

In what position were these bodies buried in and what were they associated with in this position? | (in the the three graves)

Answer 26

Upright seated position associated with royalty.

Question 27

What were these bodies buried with? | (bodies seated in the upright position)

Answer 27

They were buried with a variety of gold and copper items, exotic glass beads, and other prestigious objects.

Question 28

What is the most spectacular of the gold discoveries and how was it made?

Answer 28

Little gold rhino, made of gold foil and tacked with minute pins around a wooden core.

Question 29

What does the golden rhino symbolize?

Answer 29

It is a symbol of leadership among the Shona people of Zimbabwe.

Question 30

What else did they find together? | (other than golden rhino)

Answer 30

Golden Sceptre + Golden Bowl

Question 31

What heritage site is home to the Western Cape?

Answer 31

The Castle of Good Hope.

Question 32

When was the Castle of Good Hope built and who built it?

Answer 32

In January 1666 by soldiers, slaves and sailors.

Question 33

What was the Castle of Good Hope constantly under threat for and why?

Answer 33

It was under threat of being demolished for personal and materialistic gain.

Question 34

What was built to replace the old entrance and when was it built?

Answer 34

The Gateway built in 1682 replaced the old entrance facing the sea.

Question 35

What are the two pilasters, entablature, and pediment built out of?

Answer 35

Grey-blue stone.

Question 36

What is the entrance made of?

Answer 36

It is made of small yellow bricks.

Question 37

What are the small yellow bricks that make the entrance called and why was it used?

Answer 37

Ijselstene, making it a unique example of 17th century Dutch classicism at the cape.

Question 38

Sections of what previously formed part of the defense system, when was it rebuilt and during what was it rebuilt?

Answer 38

Sections of the **moat** formed part of the defense system, were rebuilt in **1992** during **restorations**.

Question 39

What is the Castle of Good Hope referred to by the Khoina and what does it mean?

Answer 39

The Castle of Good Hope is referred to as 'Kui keip' meaning Stone Kraal by the Khoina.

Question 40

Who were placed at Castle by the D.E.I.C and to do what? | (D.E.I.C- Dutch East Indian Company)

Answer 40

Soldiers to protect against British + French.

Question 41

Why was the Castle of Good Hope built?

Answer 41

For ships to stock up on goods and to protect its interests along the 'Spice route'.

Question 42

The Castle of Good Hope was a welcome sight for who?

Answer 42

Sailors.

Question 43

Up to how long were the sailors at sea?

Answer 43

Up to six months.

Question 44

What did the sailors refer cape town to as?

Answer 44

As "Tavern of the Seas".

Question 45

What does VOC stand for in English?

Answer 45

Dutch East India Company.

Question 46

What type of heritage is the Eastern Cape known for?

Answer 46

Heritage in indigenous medicine.

Question 47

Which plant is very important to the Eastern Cape heritage?

Answer 47

The Aloe Ferox.

Question 48

What was the Aloe Ferox used for long ago?

Answer 48

Medicine

Question 49

There is many of something in the Eastern Cape what is this?

Answer 49

There are many Aloe plants in the Eastern cape.

Question 50

Who used the Aloe as medicine and how do we know this?

Answer 50

Hunter-gathers and herders, we know this from rock paintings.

Question 51

Who used powder from the Aloe (in the time of the early farmers) and for what?

Answer 51

Herbalists used powder from the Aloe to heal wounds and stomach problems.

Question 52

Who were moving away from the British at the Cape travelled through the Eastern Cape? (Give both names)

Answer 52

The Dutch farmers / trekboers

Question 53

Who were moving away from the British at the Cape travelled through the Eastern Cape? (Give both names)

Answer 53

The Dutch farmers / trekboers

Question 54

Do we still use Aloe today?

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

Where do we use Aloe today?

Answer 55

In health drinks and in creams that heal the skin and keep it healthy.

Question 56

What heritage is North West known for?

Answer 56

Heritage in architecture

Question 57

Being more specific, what heritage in architecture do we remember Kaditshwene for?

Answer 57

We remember Kaditshwene for the Stone walled town of Kaditshwene.

Question 58

In the North West there are remain of four very large ______.

Answer 58

Towns

Question 59

**When** were these towns built?

Answer 59

In the 1700s onwards.

Question 60

Before the 1700s onwards where did Iron Age farmers in this area have to live?

Answer 60

In homesteads.

Question 61

What went wrong in the 1700s?

Answer 61

The 1700s were a violent time as farming communities raided each other.

Question 62

Because of what went wrong in the 1700s what did farmers do?

Answer 62

Farmers joined together to live in the large towns to defend themselves.