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Final Exams Gr.5 > History (term 4 - heritage sites) > Flashcards

History (term 4 - heritage sites) Flashcards

1
Q

Which heritage site is Gauteng home to?

A

The cradle of humankind world heritage site.

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2
Q

What is the cradle of humankind home to?

A

It is home to around 40% of the worlds human ancestor’s fossils.

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3
Q

What were the most famous caves?

A

Sterkfontein, Swartkrans + Kromdraai

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4
Q

Where is The Cradle of Humankind situated?

A

Mainly in Gauteng but a small section extends to the North West province.

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5
Q

Why is it called the ‘Cradle of Humankind’?

A

Because it has a number of sites with fossilized remains of the earliest members of the human family as well as stone, bone and horn tools.

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6
Q

What does the Cradle of Humankind consist of?

A

It consists of a dozen caves with fossilized remains of ancient forms of animals, plants and hominids.

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7
Q

How did the caves develop in the Cradle of Humankind?

A

They developed in warm sea around 2,3 billion years ago.

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8
Q

What did Dr. Robert Broom find in the Sterkfontein caves?

A

He found a 2 -3 million year old hominid skull - Mrs Ples, a skull of a species of early man.

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9
Q

When did the excavations start?

( That Dr. Rovert Broom led)

A

1936

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10
Q

Dr. Robert Broom discovered a skull of a species of man, what did he initially call it and what did it change to?

A

Initially it was named Plesianthropus transvaalensis now referred to as Australopithecus africanus.

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11
Q

What did Dr. Ron Clarke discover in the Sterkfontein caves?

A

He discovered ‘Little Foot’.

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12
Q

What is ‘Little Foot’?

( the thing that Dr. Ron Clarke found )

A

A near complete fossil skeleton of a species of Australopithecus, 3 million years old.

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13
Q

What do archaeologigists do?

A

Study fossils/ancient items

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14
Q

What have archeologists found at Sterkfontein?

(other than fossils of humans)

A

They found ancient stone tools used about 2 million years ago.

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15
Q

Who used these stone tools 2 million years ago?

A

The Homo

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16
Q

Who else used tools - what type of tools and where have we found evidence of this?

Other than the homo

A

Some Ape Men used bone tools and we have found evidence of this at Swartkrans.

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17
Q

Swartkrans also yielded evidence of something by early Homo what is this ‘something’ ?

A

Swartkrans also yielded evidence of the first use of controlled fire by early Homo.

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18
Q

What type of heritage is Mpumalanga known for?

A

Heritage in objects.

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19
Q

In which province is Mapungubwe in?

A

Limpopo

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20
Q

Where is Mpumalanga set?

A

Against the Northern border of SA joining Zimbabwe and Botswana.

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21
Q

What does Mpumalanga mean?

A

It means ‘place of the stone wisdom’.

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22
Q

What is special about Mpumalanga to SA?

A

It was SA’s first kingdom.

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23
Q

What did the people in Mpumalanga trade with and with who?

A

They traded gold and ivory with China, India, and Egypt.

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24
Q

What does the University of Pretoria have a lot of?

A

Artifacts made of gold/other materials

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25
Q

In how many graves were bodies seated in a certain position?

A

Three

26
Q

In what position were these bodies buried in and what were they associated with in this position?

(in the the three graves)

A

Upright seated position associated with royalty.

27
Q

What were these bodies buried with?

(bodies seated in the upright position)

A

They were buried with a variety of gold and copper items, exotic glass beads, and other prestigious objects.

28
Q

What is the most spectacular of the gold discoveries and how was it made?

A

Little gold rhino, made of gold foil and tacked with minute pins around a wooden core.

29
Q

What does the golden rhino symbolize?

A

It is a symbol of leadership among the Shona people of Zimbabwe.

30
Q

What else did they find together?

(other than golden rhino)

A

Golden Sceptre + Golden Bowl

31
Q

What heritage site is home to the Western Cape?

A

The Castle of Good Hope.

32
Q

When was the Castle of Good Hope built and who built it?

A

In January 1666 by soldiers, slaves and sailors.

33
Q

What was the Castle of Good Hope constantly under threat for and why?

A

It was under threat of being demolished for personal and materialistic gain.

34
Q

What was built to replace the old entrance and when was it built?

A

The Gateway built in 1682 replaced the old entrance facing the sea.

35
Q

What are the two pilasters, entablature, and pediment built out of?

A

Grey-blue stone.

36
Q

What is the entrance made of?

A

It is made of small yellow bricks.

37
Q

What are the small yellow bricks that make the entrance called and why was it used?

A

Ijselstene, making it a unique example of 17th century Dutch classicism at the cape.

38
Q

Sections of what previously formed part of the defense system, when was it rebuilt and during what was it rebuilt?

A

Sections of the moat formed part of the defense system, were rebuilt in 1992 during restorations.

39
Q

What is the Castle of Good Hope referred to by the Khoina and what does it mean?

A

The Castle of Good Hope is referred to as ‘Kui keip’ meaning Stone Kraal by the Khoina.

40
Q

Who were placed at Castle by the D.E.I.C and to do what?

(D.E.I.C- Dutch East Indian Company)

A

Soldiers to protect against British + French.

41
Q

Why was the Castle of Good Hope built?

A

For ships to stock up on goods and to protect its interests along the ‘Spice route’.

42
Q

The Castle of Good Hope was a welcome sight for who?

A

Sailors.

43
Q

Up to how long were the sailors at sea?

A

Up to six months.

44
Q

What did the sailors refer cape town to as?

A

As “Tavern of the Seas”.

45
Q

What does VOC stand for in English?

A

Dutch East India Company.

46
Q

What type of heritage is the Eastern Cape known for?

A

Heritage in indigenous medicine.

47
Q

Which plant is very important to the Eastern Cape heritage?

A

The Aloe Ferox.

48
Q

What was the Aloe Ferox used for long ago?

A

Medicine

49
Q

There is many of something in the Eastern Cape what is this?

A

There are many Aloe plants in the Eastern cape.

50
Q

Who used the Aloe as medicine and how do we know this?

A

Hunter-gathers and herders, we know this from rock paintings.

51
Q

Who used powder from the Aloe (in the time of the early farmers) and for what?

A

Herbalists used powder from the Aloe to heal wounds and stomach problems.

52
Q

Who were moving away from the British at the Cape travelled through the Eastern Cape? (Give both names)

A

The Dutch farmers / trekboers

53
Q

Who were moving away from the British at the Cape travelled through the Eastern Cape? (Give both names)

A

The Dutch farmers / trekboers

54
Q

Do we still use Aloe today?

A

Yes

55
Q

Where do we use Aloe today?

A

In health drinks and in creams that heal the skin and keep it healthy.

56
Q

What heritage is North West known for?

A

Heritage in architecture

57
Q

Being more specific, what heritage in architecture do we remember Kaditshwene for?

A

We remember Kaditshwene for the Stone walled town of Kaditshwene.

58
Q

In the North West there are remain of four very large ______.

A

Towns

59
Q

When were these towns built?

A

In the 1700s onwards.

60
Q

Before the 1700s onwards where did Iron Age farmers in this area have to live?

A

In homesteads.

61
Q

What went wrong in the 1700s?

A

The 1700s were a violent time as farming communities raided each other.

62
Q

Because of what went wrong in the 1700s what did farmers do?

A

Farmers joined together to live in the large towns to defend themselves.

Final Exams Gr.5 (11 decks)

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