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Scientific method chapter 1-5 > sci method chapter 11 &12 > Flashcards

sci method chapter 11 &12 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the plate tectonics?

A

movement of the earth’s plates

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2
Q

what is the mantle?

A

middle layer of the earth, made of magma

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3
Q

continental drift

A

movement of the plates

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4
Q

what is the difference between the continental drift and plate tectonics?

A

plate tectonics are the features and movement of Earth’s surface in the present and in the past whereas continental drift describes the drifting of Earth’s continents on the ocean bed.

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5
Q

big bang theory

A

a time when all matter was created in a explosion

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6
Q

what happened to matter during the big ban theory?

A

matter was scattered through space creating the universe

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7
Q

what is the large hadron collider?

A

attempting to recreate events during the big bang. happened by bombarding particles close to the speed of light under super cold conditions

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8
Q

what was created from the large hardon collider experiment

A

the higgs boson particle. grants other particles their mass

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9
Q

what is physiology?

A

the study of the way the body functions

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10
Q

what is a mitochondria?

A

a small structure within cells that make energy from food using oxygen (THINK PHOTOSYNTHESIS)

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11
Q

what are aerobic organisms

A

don’t use oxygen

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12
Q

what is physics?

A

the study of properties, changes and interactions in matter, and energy

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13
Q

brownian motion

A

there is motion everywhere in the universe all at once

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14
Q

what is inertia?

A

an object at rest stays at rest unless an outside force is acted upon it

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15
Q

friction

A

any force that works opposite to the motion of another object

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16
Q

mechanical physics

A

motion of matter

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17
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of movement

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18
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

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19
Q

nuclear physics

A

study of atomic nuclei and their interactions

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20
Q

Marie Curie

A

she discovered radio activity, radium, polonium

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21
Q

albert einstien

A

theory of relativity E=MC^2

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22
Q

radiation

A

form of energy released by radioactive substances

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23
Q

Enrichment

A

process of concentrating natural resources of radiation to produce nuclear energy. ex: fuel, xray sources, etc

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24
Q

chemistry

A

study of matter based on the atom

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25
matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
26
Elements
pure substances. can't be broken down by ordinary chemical means
27
Fusion
combining of atoms to form new atoms of larger elements that release energy
28
Giant impact theory
the moon came out of the earth after a giant meteor hit the planet
29
Inorganic chemstry
study of matter to reveal the behavior and structure of atoms
30
Subatomic theory
study of Protons, neurtons, electrons and their properties
31
Gold foil experiment
Earnest rutherford experiment to understand the structure of the atom and discovered that atoms are mostly empty space
32
Quarks
parts of neutrons and protons
33
Super strings
smaller parts of the quarks. levels of matter at the smallest scale when dimensional loops that vibrate as an infinetly thin rubber band
34
valence electrons
dictate the chemical activity of the atom
35
Three types of chemical reactions
synthesis, decomposition, replacment
36
Synthesis
fuses two reactants to make a new substance
37
Decomposition
break large substances into smaller ones
38
replacement
exchanges one atom for another
39
Ph scale
measure acidity on a scale of 0-14
40
organic chemistry
study of carbon containing compounds
41
macromolecules
larger carbon based substances. 4 major ones: proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids
42
protien
building blocks of all liviing organisms
43
carbs
energy
44
lipids
store energy
45
nucleic acids
directs functions and genetic info
46
organelles
structures that carry out specific functions in a cell
47
cells
basic unit of life
48
tissues
make up organs
49
organs
body parts that perform a certain function for a living system
50
organ systems
multiple organs working together for a specific purpose
51
macrolevel biology
study of how organisms interact with their environment
52
microlevel biology
study of the organism and its components
53
geology
study of the earths processes and history
54
layers of the earth
crust, mantle, core
55
crust
thin outer layer
56
mantle
made of molten rock
57
core
center of the earth. outer core is liquid, inner core is solid
58
types of movements
divergent, convergent, transform vault
59
divergent junctions
earths plates spread apart
60
convergent junction
one plate slides under the other
61
transform vault
plates slide past each other
62
rock types
ignenous, sedimentary, metaphoric
63
igneous
formed from magma ex. obsidean
64
sedimentary
formed from weather and compression of particles ex. sandstone
65
metamorphic
formed from intense heat and pressure ex. marble
66
historical geology
studies the evolution and origins of earth
67
physical geology
examines processes operating within the earth and on its surfaces
68
Inquiry based learning
improve reasoning skills.
69
effective critical thinking strategies
- limiting sociocentricity - improving metacognition - avoid oversimplification
70
sociocentricity
reducing influence of social bias
71
metacognition:
developing self awareness about ones thinking processes
72
oversimplification
understanding & addressing the complexity of issues
73
Nacerima tribe
describe american culture from an anthropological perspective, highlighting cultural practices that identify sociocentricity (America backward). Horace Miner
74
developmental reasoning
- concrete - transitional - formal (stages of cognitive development in scientific reasoning) - dualism - relativism - multiplicity (stages of understanding in epistemological development) THINK SCIENTIFIC METHOD
75
validity
how well it measures what it is supposed to mease
76
reliability
how consistent the results are
77
exploring arguments
- evaluating validity - reliability
78
critical thinking strategies
- developing humility - developing dialogic thinking
79
humility
recognizing and accepting the limits of ones knowledge
80
dialogic thinking
engaging in open minded discussions
81
questioning technique
used to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas
82
correlational studies
investigating the relationship between variable without implying causation
83
egocentricity
inability to see another individuals perspective
84
sociocentricity
inability to see the perspective of another culture or society
85
dialectic thinking
conflicting ideas are set against each other to determine strengths and weaknesses of each
86
metacognition
ones own thinking
87
socratic method
asking the right questions to get at the strengths and weaknesses (SCIENTIFIC METHOD)
87
critical thinking
careful, deliberate determination of whether we should accept, reject, or suspend judgement about a claim
88
group think
manipulation by authority and other integrity issues
89
eukaryotes evolve
cells with a true nucleus
89
mole of oxygen
6.02 x 10^23 molecules
90
chemistry equals
matter + energy
91
affective stratgies
involves feelings, emotions, and attitudes. involves altering confidence levels
91
cognitive strategies for developing ones perspective
- thesis statement - standards for an evaluation - credibility of sources -analyzing/ evaluating arguments , beliefs, or theories encompass a set of strategies -evaluating evidence
91
nation at risk
reform efforts in the 80s to improve science reasoning that produced most of the studies on critical thinking in science
92
main thing of critical thinking
ability to judge a claim and change ones reasoning about it if necessary
92
purpose of critical thinking
expand the students mind and create a scientific way of thinking
93
Richard Paul
- affective and cognitive strategies
93
piaget
suggested to ground the development of formal reasoning in concrete and social interactions and through writing assignments
94
Anton lawson & donald snitgen
did a study of formal reasoning in classrooms
95
origins of energy
understanding the energy driving natural phenomena ex. earthquakes
95
second law of thermodynamics
entropy
96
entropy
the law concerns the increase randomness and disorder in a system
97
oxygen revolution
major shift in the earths atmosphere 2.1 to 2.4 billion years ago
98
ubiquity
found all around us ex. microrganisms
98
newton laws
excludes negative force: clarity on forces in newtonian mechanics
99
acidity & basicity
understanding substances pH levels. difference: acidity is the measure of a substances ability to donate protons and bascisity is the ability to accept protons
99
carbon bonding
three bonds clarifying the common bonding patterns of carbon atoms - single bond - double bond -triple bond
100
what drives the movement of the mantle fluid
difference of heat

Scientific method chapter 1-5 (6 decks)

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