comms chapter 8

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

Ongoing negotiation of learned and patterned beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors.

Question 2

What are personal identities?

Answer 2

Components of self that are connected to our life experiences.

Question 3

What are social identities?

Answer 3

Components of self that are derived from involvement in social groups that we are committed to.

Question 4

What are cultural identities?

Answer 4

Based on socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for social behavior.

Question 5

What are ascribed identities?

Answer 5

Personal, social, cultural identities placed on us by others.

Question 6

What are avowed identities?

Answer 6

The identities we claim for ourselves.

Question 7

Why do differences matter?

Answer 7

Differences lead to communication challenges, stereotypes, and discrimination.

Question 8

What is the salience of identity?

Answer 8

Some identities become more prominent based on context.

Question 9

What are dominant identities?

Answer 9

Historically had and currently have more resources and influence.

Question 10

What is race?

Answer 10

A social construct, not a biological reality. Historically used to justify oppression.

Question 11

What is gender?

Answer 11

Socially constructed roles, with patriarchal systems historically privileging men.

Question 12

What is sexuality?

Answer 12

Encompasses sexual orientation and social issues like discrimination.

Question 13

How is ability viewed?

Answer 13

Often viewed through a medical rather than cultural lens, with historical discrimination against people with disabilities.

Question 14

What influences interracial communication?

Answer 14

Influenced by stereotypes, privilege, and discrimination.

Question 15

What is code-switching?

Answer 15

Adjusting speech based on the audience (e.g., using formal vs. informal language).

Question 16

What is gender communication?

Answer 16

Differences in how men and women are socialized to communicate.

Question 17

What is interability communication?

Answer 17

Guidelines for respectful interaction with people with disabilities.

Question 18

What is cultural negotiation?

Answer 18

Culture is not static; it evolves over time.

Question 19

What is the difference between dominant and nondominant groups?

Answer 19

Those with societal privilege vs. those facing discrimination.

Question 20

What is intersectionality?

Answer 20

Identities (race, gender, sexuality, etc.) overlap and influence experiences.

Question 21

What is social constructionism?

Answer 21

Identities are shaped by society, history, and communication.

Question 22

What is privilege and oppression?

Answer 22

Unequal access to resources and opportunities based on identity.

Question 23

What is institutionalized discrimination?

Answer 23

Racism, sexism, ableism, and heterosexism built into systems.

Question 24

What is acculturation?

Answer 24

Learning the behaviors and norms of a cultural group.

Question 25

What is identity salience?

Answer 25

The prominence of an identity in a given situation.

Question 26

What are microaggressions?

Answer 26

Subtle, often unintentional discriminatory comments or actions.

Question 27

What is stereotype threat?

Answer 27

Anxiety about confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group.

Question 28

What is the eugenics movement?

Answer 28

Historical attempts to 'improve' populations through selective breeding, often targeting marginalized groups.

Question 29

What is the glass ceiling?

Answer 29

Invisible barriers preventing marginalized groups from advancing in careers.

Question 30

What is patriarchy?

Answer 30

A social system that prioritizes men’s power over others.

Question 31

What is heteronormativity?

Answer 31

The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm.

Question 32

What is linguistic discrimination?

Answer 32

Judging people’s intelligence or worth based on how they speak.

Question 33

What is the 'English Only' movement?

Answer 33

Push to make English the official U.S. language, often tied to xenophobia.

Question 34

What is the Independent Living Movement (ILM)?

Answer 34

Advocacy for disability rights and self-sufficiency.

Question 35

What are the Ten Commandments of Disability Etiquette?

Answer 35

Guidelines for respectful communication with people with disabilities. 1. speak directly to that person 2. shake hands 3. identify yourself and who is with you. 4. identify the person you are speaking to. 5. Treat adults as adults. Address people by their first names. 6. don't lean/ hang on someone's wheelchair 7. Listen attentively and be paitent when speaking to someone who has difficulty speaking 8. get on eye level 9. do a physical action to get the attention of an individual who is deaf. 10. Relax. don't overthink everything you do, and ask questions.

Question 36

How do social and personal identity differ?

Answer 36

Social identity is membership and personal identity is who we are.

Question 37

Which identity is the least changeable?

Answer 37

Cultural identity.