Chapter 1-5 Flashcards
What are the three parts of science?
Body of knowledge, Method, Reasoning
List the characteristics of science.
- Experimentation
- Empirical
- Repeatability
- Belief
What is the modern definition of science?
Reasoning using logical thinking to get conclusions. It focuses on rational, evidence-based understanding.
In which four categories is science taught?
- Physics- study of interactions of matter and energy
- Chemistry- study of composition and reactivity of substances
- Geology- study of earth, space and their processes
- Biology - study of life
What is osmoregulation?
Influences bodily functions such as blood pressure and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis
It is essential for the stability of living organisms.
Define homeostasis.
Living systems attempt to maintain a steady state
This is vital for survival and functioning.
What are Newton’s laws of motion?
Movement of all bodies in the universe
What does the term ‘interrelated’ mean in the context of science?
Different scientific disciplines are connected
This interconnectedness enhances the understanding of phenomena.
What are the two types of reasoning?
- Inductive Reasoning
- Deductive Reasoning
What are the branches of modern natural science?
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Geology
- Philosophy (not a natural science)
- Math (central to all science)
List the steps of the scientific method.
- Observation
- Identify problem
- Research problem
- Hypothesize
- Design experiment
- Collect & analyze data
- Conclusion
- Repeat
Each step is crucial for scientific inquiry and validation.
What is the term ‘kinetic’ in science?
Refers to moving energy
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a higher to a lower concentration
This process aims to achieve an even spread.
Define osmosis.
When water moves along the membrane to diffuse its particles
It is critical for maintaining cellular function.
What is a pet hypothesis?
Views that help before an experiment can contaminate the interpretation of data
This highlights the importance of objectivity in scientific experiments.
What did the Germ Theory advocate?
Sterile techniques to prevent microbial disease spread
It was a significant advancement in understanding disease transmission.
Who were Miller & Urey?
Showed that organic molecules could be produced from the chemical components of Earth’s early atmosphere
Their experiment was crucial in understanding the origins of life.
What does the term ‘weltanshauung’ refer to?
A model for looking at things
It influences perspectives in scientific inquiry.
Who first popularized the term ‘science’?
William Whewell
He defined science as the study of the natural world.
What did Francesco Redi contribute to science?
First to disprove spontaneous generation
His experiments with meat and maggots were pivotal.
What is the Copernican revolution?
Galileo’s trial for making the heliocentric model
This marked a significant shift in astronomical thought.
What are Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion?
- Planets orbit the sun in ellipses
- Speed varies with distance from the sun
- Describes relationship mathematically
These laws helped to explain the motion of celestial bodies.
What are Newton’s three laws of motion?
- Inertia- object in motion tends to stay in motion unless an external force acts upon it)
- Acceleration (F=ma)- when a force acts on an object, it will cause the object to accelerate
- Action = reaction (F=-F)
What is the theory of relativity?
Describes the relationship between space, time, and the motion of objects
It fundamentally changed the understanding of physics.
