Sci Ch 4 Concept

Question 1

Each gene has been contributed by who?

Answer 1

By the father and the mother

Question 2

The field of science that researches heredity is called?

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

What does an organism’s genes determine?

Answer 3

Organism characteristics: appearance, development and formation of individual proteins.

Question 4

Who is the Father of Genetics?

Answer 4

Gregor Mendel

Question 5

What was the observation that Gregor Mendal made initially?

Answer 5

He noticed that both animals and plants pass certain traits to their offspring’s.

Question 6

Mendel studied observing what two things?

Answer 6

Plants and mice.

Question 7

What are Mendel’s Laws? Know the title of each.

Answer 7

Law of segregation: Each parent contributes one factor to a pair of factors
Law of Independent Assortment: Pairs of factors needed for each trait are passed on to the offspring independently of each other.

Question 8

Mendal followed teachings of St. Augustine, and believed that God could do two things?

Answer 8

God can talk through prayer and he could talk to people through printed word.

Question 9

The most commonly used animal in cancer research?

Answer 9

Mice

Question 10

How did Mendel categorize pea plants

Answer 10

By their parent.

Question 11

What is genotype?

Answer 11

Genotype: the set of genes that make up an organism.

Question 12

What is phenotype

Answer 12

Phenotype: the observable characteristics of an organisms genotype.

Question 13

Name a fruit that is a hybrid?

Answer 13

Nectarine

Question 14

A capital letter indicates that an allele is?

Answer 14

Dominant

Question 15

A lowercase letter indicates that an allele is?

Answer 15

Recessive

Question 16

What is a Punnett square?

Answer 16

Punnett square: a diagram used to show all the possible allele combinations of a genetic cross.

Question 17

What is found of the top axis of the Punnett square?

Answer 17

The mothers genotype.

Question 18

What is found on the left hand axis of the Punnett square?

Answer 18

The fathers genotype.

Question 19

Punnett squares can also be used to detect?

Answer 19

Genetic disorder

Question 20

What does “XX” and “XY” mean when studying chromosomes?

Answer 20

XX = Female
XY = Male

Question 21

What is codominance?

Answer 21

The condition in which both alleles of a gene are actively expressed, and neither is dominant or recessive.

Question 22

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 22

The condition in which both alleles are partially expressed in a blended appearance of the trait.

Question 23

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects?

Answer 23

Protein in the blood cell.

Question 24

Who was the first person in English history to breed animals for a specific desirable trait?

Answer 24

Robert Bakewell.

Question 25

What was learned when male and female farm animals were separated and then put in specific pairs?

Answer 25

Ability to produced desirables outward appearances by weed out undesirable traits, amplify desirable appearances.

Question 26

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 26

Techniques used by scientist to transfer DNA from one organism to another.

Question 27

What do horse breeders look for in traits?

Answer 27

Speed, temperament, size, and physical appearances.

Question 28

Dog breeders produces animals for?

Answer 28

Hunting, tracking, sight, family pets.

Question 29

Fingerprints are not inherited but, members of the same family can share similar?

Answer 29

Fingerprint pattern.

Question 30

What is homozygous? What is heterozygous?

Answer 30

Homozygous: Having a presence of the same to allels for the same gene.
Heterozygous: Having a presence of two different alleles for the same gene.