Sci Ch 4 Concept Flashcards
Each gene has been contributed by who?
By the father and the mother
The field of science that researches heredity is called?
Genetics
What does an organism’s genes determine?
Organism characteristics: appearance, development and formation of individual proteins.
Who is the Father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What was the observation that Gregor Mendal made initially?
He noticed that both animals and plants pass certain traits to their offspring’s.
Mendel studied observing what two things?
Plants and mice.
What are Mendel’s Laws? Know the title of each.
Law of segregation: Each parent contributes one factor to a pair of factors
Law of Independent Assortment: Pairs of factors needed for each trait are passed on to the offspring independently of each other.
Mendal followed teachings of St. Augustine, and believed that God could do two things?
God can talk through prayer and he could talk to people through printed word.
The most commonly used animal in cancer research?
Mice
How did Mendel categorize pea plants
By their parent.
What is genotype?
Genotype: the set of genes that make up an organism.
What is phenotype
Phenotype: the observable characteristics of an organisms genotype.
Name a fruit that is a hybrid?
Nectarine
A capital letter indicates that an allele is?
Dominant
A lowercase letter indicates that an allele is?
Recessive
What is a Punnett square?
Punnett square: a diagram used to show all the possible allele combinations of a genetic cross.
What is found of the top axis of the Punnett square?
The mothers genotype.
What is found on the left hand axis of the Punnett square?
The fathers genotype.
Punnett squares can also be used to detect?
Genetic disorder
What does “XX” and “XY” mean when studying chromosomes?
XX = Female
XY = Male
What is codominance?
The condition in which both alleles of a gene are actively expressed, and neither is dominant or recessive.
What is incomplete dominance?
The condition in which both alleles are partially expressed in a blended appearance of the trait.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects?
Protein in the blood cell.
Who was the first person in English history to breed animals for a specific desirable trait?
Robert Bakewell.
What was learned when male and female farm animals were separated and then put in specific pairs?
Ability to produced desirables outward appearances by weed out undesirable traits, amplify desirable appearances.
What is genetic engineering?
Techniques used by scientist to transfer DNA from one organism to another.
What do horse breeders look for in traits?
Speed, temperament, size, and physical appearances.
Dog breeders produces animals for?
Hunting, tracking, sight, family pets.
Fingerprints are not inherited but, members of the same family can share similar?
Fingerprint pattern.
What is homozygous? What is heterozygous?
Homozygous: Having a presence of the same to allels for the same gene.
Heterozygous: Having a presence of two different alleles for the same gene.
