School Practices + Chapter 19 Vocabulary Flashcards
Holistic approach
Teaching the whole child.
Hands on learning, no assessments, self care and care for the environment.
Montessori
Follow the child.
Children are naturally curious with an innate desire to learn, and must have opportunities to do so.
Reggio Emilia
Image of a child.
Construct their own learning with a natural desire to explore.
Waldorf
Education of the head, heart, and hands.
Focus on the innocence and magic of childhood.
Work ethic
A person’s sense of responsibility and diligence toward work tasks.
Learning gender roles
- Family – Continue to see gender roles modeled by caregivers; this can vary
greatly from household to household - Peers – Younger children typically prefer same-gendered friends; they learn
gender expectations from each other. Teens have more friends of the opposite
gender, but their closest friends tend to still be of the same gender - School – Schools in the US are much more egalitarian than they used to be, but
children can still be exposed to gender stereotyping - Media - Children often identify with and model themselves after the characters
they see and read about. Therefore, the media messages children view greatly
influence their learning of gender roles
Kohlberg substage 3
Interpersonal conformity- behaviors are acceptable because they are good for the social group.
Kohlberg substage 4
Maintaining social order- live by the rules of the larger society.
Moral character
Caregivers can shape moral character by showing their kids
love and being a good role model. Later, they can encourage their teens to
choose a good friend group
Domains of Self-Definition
Physical, Intelligence, Social Skills, Self-Regulation
Erickson’s 4th stage
Industry VS Inferiority (5-13)
Wanting to become a better member of society, and feeling low value if not.
Erickson’s 5th stage
Identity VS Role confusion (13-21)
Knowing who you are, and feeling confused if not.
Adults changing social relations
- Adults
- ~ 5 years old: goal-corrected partnership
- ~8-9 years old: partner relationship – maintain psychological security
How is the need for love expressed?
their great desire
to be accepted by others—both adults and peers
Imaginary audience
a psychological state in adolescence where
an individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are listening to or
watching them
How do older children convey aggression?
Older children are better able to control their bodies and express themselves
verbally and/or indirectly:
* Disrespect
* Sulkiness
* Scapegoating
* Gossiping
* Plotting or imagining the downfall of their adversaries
* Withdrawal from a situation
New sources of stress for children
- Home life
- School life
- Peer relations
- Internal stress
