Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
Psychosis Definition
Profoundly out of touch with reality
Psychosis Criteria
Abnormalities in one of the following domains:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised thinking (speech) / Thought Disorder
- Grossly disorganised or abnormal motor
- Negative symptoms
Major Psychotic Disorders
DSM-V
- Schizotypal (personality) disorder
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Substance/Medication Induced Psychotic Disorder
- Psychotic Disorder due to Another Medical Condition
Delusional Disorder Description and Types
- Characterised by one month of delusions without other active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia
- 7 Types
Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealousy, Persecutory, Somatic, Mixed and Unspecified
Brief Psychotic Disorder Description
A disorder that lasts more than a day and remits by 1 month
Schizophreniform Description
Characterised by a symptomatic presentation that is equivalent to schizophrenia except for its duration (the disturbance lasts for 1-6 months) and the absence of a requirement that there be a decline in functioning.
Schizoaffective Description
A mood episode and the active phase of schizophrenia occur together and were preceded or are followed by at least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms
- Two types
- Bipolar Type
- Depressive Type
Schizophrenia Definition
Schizophrenia is characterised by the splitting of normal links between perception, mood, thinking, behaviour and contact with reality.
Schizophrenia Criteria
- 2+ of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of the first three must be present
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganised Speech (e.g. frequent derailments or incoherence)
4. Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
5. Negative symptoms (i.e. diminished emotional expression or avolition) - Social/occupational dysfunction
- Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months
- Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion (i.e. no manic or depressive episode)
- Substance/medical condition exclusion
Schizophrenia Clinical Presentation
- Positive symptoms
- Negative symptoms
- Cognitive impairment
- Mood symptoms
- Physical manifestations associated with schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Aspects of the illness that are added onto normal experience
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Thought Disorganisation
Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
False sensory perceptions occurring in any of the five modalities Types: - Auditory (most common) -- Music, voices or noises, there are the most responsive to medication - Visual -- Glowing orbs or flashing lights - Tactile or Somatic -- Touching, sexual or pain - Olfactory - Gustatory (least common)
Delusions in Schizophrenia
Fixed false beliefs that are not typical of the patient’s culture.
Occurs in 80% of schizophrenics
Types:
- Grandiose
- Paranoid
- Erotomanic
– Belief in having a special relationship with someone that isn’t true
- Nihilistic
– Belief that one is dead or does not exist
Thought Disorganisation in Schizophrenia
Disruption of the logical process of thought may be represented by loose associations, nonsensical speech or bizarre behaviour Types: - Tangential Speech - Circumstantial Speech - Derailment - Neologisms -- The creation of new words - Word Salad
Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Things that are taken away from normal experience.
Types:
- Primary
- Secondary
