Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
What is psychosis?
A broad category of mental health symptoms involving distorted thoughts and experiences disconnected from reality.
What are the positive symptoms of psychosis?
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, and disorganized speech.
What are the negative symptoms of psychosis?
Diminished emotional expression, avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality.
What are cognitive symptoms of psychosis?
Decreased attention, slower processing speed, memory issues, impaired social reasoning.
What percentage of the population develops a psychotic disorder?
Approximately 1%-3% over a lifetime.
At what age do most first episodes of psychosis occur?
In teens and young adults, with 100,000 new cases in the U.S. each year.
What are the common impacts of psychotic disorders?
Increased suicide risk, impaired independent functioning, family distress, and occupational/academic failure.
What are the core diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms during a one month period.
How long must symptoms persist for a schizophrenia diagnosis?
At least six months, with one month of active symptoms.
What must be ruled out before diagnosing schizophrenia?
Schizoaffective disorder, depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis, or another medical condition.
What is schizoaffective disorder?
A disorder involving both schizophrenia symptoms and mood episodes (depressive or manic).
What distinguishes schizoaffective disorder from schizophrenia?
Schizoaffective disorder includes mood episodes that last the majority of the illness, while schizophrenia does not require mood episodes.
What distinguishes schizoaffective disorder from a mood disorder with psychotic features?
Psychotic symptoms must persist for at least two weeks in the absence of a major mood episode.
What is schizophreniform disorder?
A disorder with schizophrenia-like symptoms lasting at least one month but less than six months.
How does schizophreniform disorder differ from schizophrenia?
It lasts for a shorter duration and does not require functional impairment for diagnosis.
What are the core symptoms of schizophreniform disorder?
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms.
What is Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHR)?
A state where individuals experience distressing and impairing positive symptoms that are below the threshold for full psychosis.
What are the characteristics of CHR?
Symptoms lack full conviction, insight is intact or can be induced, and there is no severe disorganization.
What is the risk of developing full-threshold psychosis in CHR individuals?
They have a high risk of transitioning to a psychotic disorder.
What comorbid conditions are common with CHR?
Other mental health difficulties such as anxiety and depression.
What are the main types of delusions?
Persecutory, grandiose, referential, nihilistic, somatic, and erotomanic delusions.
What is a persecutory delusion?
A false belief that one is being harassed, spied on, or harmed by others.
What is a grandiose delusion?
A false belief of having exceptional abilities, wealth, or importance.
What is a referential delusion?
The belief that everyday events or statements have personal significance.
