Anxiety Disorders and Trauma Flashcards
What are the main types of anxiety disorders?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
What are the diagnostic criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least six months about various events and activities.
What are common symptoms of GAD?
Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances.
How does GAD affect daily life?
It causes difficulty controlling worry and leads to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas.
What is Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?
A marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
What are symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder?
Fear of acting in a way that will be negatively evaluated, avoidance of social situations, excessive fear lasting six months or more.
How is SAD different from general shyness?
SAD causes significant impairment and distress, leading to avoidance of social situations.
What is Agoraphobia?
A marked fear or anxiety about at least two of the following: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed places, standing in line, being outside the home alone.
Why do individuals with agoraphobia avoid certain situations?
They fear that escape might be difficult or that help might not be available in case of panic-like symptoms.
What are panic attacks?
Sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort, reaching peak within minutes, accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms.
What are common symptoms of panic attacks?
Palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, chills, fear of losing control or dying.
What distinguishes Panic Disorder from panic attacks?
Panic Disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks with persistent concern about future attacks and maladaptive behavior changes.
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
A disorder characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety.
What are common types of obsessions in OCD?
Fear of contamination, intrusive thoughts, need for symmetry or order, aggressive or taboo thoughts.
What are common compulsions in OCD?
Handwashing, checking, counting, repeating words, arranging objects in a particular order.
What makes compulsions maladaptive?
They are excessive and not realistically connected to preventing feared outcomes, consuming significant time and causing distress.
What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A disorder that develops following exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
What are common causes of PTSD?
Directly experiencing trauma, witnessing trauma, learning about traumatic events affecting close ones, repeated exposure to traumatic details.
What are intrusion symptoms in PTSD?
Recurrent distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, psychological and physiological distress to trauma reminders.
What is avoidance in PTSD?
Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, feelings, or external reminders of trauma.
What are negative cognitive or mood changes in PTSD?
Distorted blame of self or others, persistent negative beliefs, emotional numbing, detachment, inability to experience positive emotions.
What are arousal symptoms in PTSD?
Irritability, reckless behavior, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, concentration problems, sleep disturbances.
How long must PTSD symptoms last for a diagnosis?
More than one month.
What is PTSD with dissociation?
A subtype of PTSD involving persistent depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself) or derealization (experiencing surroundings as unreal).
