Intro to Clinical Psychology Flashcards
What does the field of clinical psychology focus on?
Clinical psychology focuses on assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental health disorders.
How does clinical psychology differ from other subfields of psychology?
It emphasizes mental health treatment, whereas other fields may focus on research, education, or industrial applications.
What are the primary roles and responsibilities of a clinical psychologist?
They assess, diagnose, and treat mental disorders through psychotherapy and other interventions.
What types of mental health concerns do clinical psychologists typically address?
They address anxiety, depression, PTSD, personality disorders, and other psychological conditions.
How do clinical psychologists use assessment and diagnosis in their work?
They use psychological tests, interviews, and DSM-5 criteria to diagnose mental health conditions.
What are some common treatment approaches used in clinical psychology?
They use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy, and other evidence-based treatments.
How does clinical psychology integrate research and practice?
Through evidence-based practice, clinicians use scientific research to guide their therapeutic approaches.
What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist?
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can prescribe medication, while a clinical psychologist primarily provides therapy.
What ethical principles guide the work of clinical psychologists?
Principles include beneficence, nonmaleficence, confidentiality, and informed consent.
How has clinical psychology evolved as a discipline over time?
It has transitioned from a focus on psychoanalysis to incorporating cognitive, behavioral, and integrative approaches.
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?
EBP is the integration of clinical expertise, research evidence, and patient preferences in treatment.
Why is evidence-based practice important in clinical psychology?
It ensures that treatments are scientifically validated and effective for patients.
What are the three main components of evidence-based practice?
Best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values/preferences.
How does evidence-based practice differ from traditional therapy methods?
It relies on empirical research rather than personal experience or intuition.
What are some barriers to implementing evidence-based practice?
Barriers include lack of access to research, clinician resistance, and financial constraints.
How do clinical psychologists determine which treatments are evidence-based?
By reviewing clinical trials, meta-analyses, and treatment guidelines.
What role do randomized controlled trials (RCTs) play in evidence-based practice?
They are the gold standard for determining the efficacy of psychological treatments.
How can evidence-based practice improve patient outcomes?
By ensuring patients receive treatments proven to be effective.
What is the hierarchy of evidence in determining treatment effectiveness?
Meta-analyses and RCTs are at the top, followed by cohort studies, case studies, and expert opinions.
What is the difference between empirical support and clinical expertise in EBP?
Empirical support is based on research, while clinical expertise involves a therapist’s experience and judgment.
What is person-first language?
A way of speaking that emphasizes the person before their condition, e.g., ‘a person with schizophrenia’ instead of ‘a schizophrenic’.
Why is person-first language important in clinical psychology?
It helps to reduce stigma and reinforces the dignity of individuals with mental health conditions.
What is the difference between person-first language and identity-first language?
Person-first prioritizes the individual (e.g., ‘person with autism’), while identity-first acknowledges identity (e.g., ‘autistic person’).
What are some examples of person-first language?
Instead of ‘an addict,’ say ‘a person with substance use disorder.’
