Mood Disorders Flashcards
What are the main types of mood disorders?
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
At least five symptoms present for two weeks, including depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure and not attributable to substance use or another condition.
Other possible symptoms include: Significant weight loss, insomina or hypersomina, fatiuge or loss of energy, reccurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation.
Clinically significant distress or impairment with no manic or hypomanic episodes
What symptoms are required for an MDD diagnosis?
At least 5 of: Depressed mood, loss of interest, weight change, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, suicidal thoughts. with the core features of depressed mood or loss of interest in almost all activities present
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?
A chronic form of depression lasting at least two years in adults (one year in children/adolescents), symptoms of MDD
What are key features of PDD?
Depressed mood most of the time, poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration, feelings of hopelessness.
How does PDD differ from MDD?
PDD is chronic and less severe but lasts longer, whereas MDD has more intense depressive episodes.
What is the prevalence of depressive disorders?
Highest among 18-29-year-olds, more common in females, rates increasing, peaks in 20s, often precedes bipolar disorder.
What are some risk factors for depressive disorders?
Neuroticism, adverse childhood experiences, low income, low education, racism, stressful life events, female sex, family history.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?
At least five symptoms present in the final week before menses, improving after onset and minimal post-menses.
What symptoms characterize PMDD?
Affective lability, irritability, depressed mood, anxiety, decreased interest, concentration issues, fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, physical symptoms.
What distinguishes PMDD from regular PMS?
PMDD causes significant distress or impairment and is not just an exacerbation of another disorder.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I Disorder?
At least one lifetime manic episode lasting at least one week, causing significant impairment or hospitalization, not due to substance use.
What symptoms define a manic episode in Bipolar I?
Elevated or irritable mood, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity, risky behavior.
What is a hypomanic episode in Bipolar I?
Similar to a manic episode but lasts at least four days vs hypomanic episode one week, does not cause significant impairment or require hospitalization.
What is a major depressive episode in Bipolar I?
At least five depressive symptoms for two weeks, including depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure.
Are depressive episodes required for Bipolar I diagnosis?
No, only a manic episode is required, but depressive episodes are common.
What distinguishes Bipolar I from Bipolar II?
Bipolar I requires at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II requires at least one hypomanic and one major depressive episode but no manic episodes.
What are the criteria for Bipolar II Disorder?
At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, with no history of mania.
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
A chronic mood disorder with fluctuating hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting at least two years (one year in children/adolescents).
What are key features of Cyclothymic Disorder?
Hypomanic and depressive symptoms present at least half the time, with no symptom-free periods longer than two months.
What differentiates Cyclothymic Disorder from Bipolar disorders?
Symptoms do not meet full criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episodes.
How does the DSM-5 classify mood disorders?
It categorizes them based on the presence of depressive, manic, or hypomanic episodes and their duration and severity.
What are common treatments for depressive disorders?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs), interpersonal therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in severe cases.
What are common treatments for bipolar disorders?
Mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate), atypical antipsychotics, psychotherapy, and lifestyle management.
