Schizophrenia

Question 1

People with schizophrenia are _____ times more likely to die of suicide than people in the general population.

Answer 1

12

Question 2

The lifetime prevalence for schizophrenia is slightly less than _____ percent of the population.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Acute episodes of schizophrenia are characterized by _____ symptoms.

Answer 3

positive

Question 4

_____ are beliefs held contrary to reality and firmly held in spite of disconfirming evidence.

Answer 4

Delusions

Question 5

Common hallucinations include each of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 5

beliefs of persecution.

Question 6

Avolition, anhedonia, flat affect and alogia, are examples of _____ symptoms.

Answer 6

negative

Question 7

The anhedonia deficit in schizophrenia appears to be in _____ pleasure, not in the presence of pleasurable things.

Answer 7

the experiencing of

Question 8

Lewis is diagnosed with schizophrenia. While talking to his case manager, he is able to somewhat successfully communicate but has tremendous difficulty sticking to one topic. Lewis is exhibiting which symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 8

Delairment

Question 9

This symptom of schizophrenia, takes many forms - patients may go into inexplicable bouts of agitation, dress in unusual clothes, act in a childlike or silly manner, hoard food or collect garbage.

Answer 9

Disorganized behavior

Question 10

All of the following are forms of delusions EXCEPT:

Answer 10

hearing voices arguing.

Question 11

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment.

Answer 11

Hallucination

Question 12

In one sample of people with schizophrenia, 74 percent reported having _____ hallucinations.

Answer 12

auditory

Question 13

Other categories of psychotic disorders included in the DSM-V, include all of the following disorders EXCEPT:

Answer 13

brief chaotic

Question 14

The family, twin, and adoption methods employed in the research on schizophrenia, have led researchers to conclude that a predisposition to schizophrenia is

Answer 14

inherited

Question 15

It is likely that schizophrenia is genetically _____, that is, the genetic diathesis may vary from case to case.

Answer 15

heterogeneous

Question 16

These newer techniques in molecular genetics allow for the rapid scanning of a person’s entire genome to identify rare mutations, some of which are known to be associated with risk factors for schizophrenia.

Answer 16

genome-wide scan

Question 17

Indirect support for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia came from the literature on _____ psychosis.

Answer 17

amphetamine

Question 18

Evidence suggests that in people with schizophrenia, cognitive deficits supported by the prefrontal cortex, as well as symptoms of disorganization, may be connected to deficits involving

Answer 18

NMDA

Question 19

Evidence as to the importance of the prefrontal cortex as it pertains to schizophrenia includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 19

people with schizophrenia perform well on tests designed to tap functions promoted by the prefrontal region.

Question 20

One developmental factor that perhaps contributes to the onset of schizophrenia symptoms in adolescence or early adulthood is that _____ activity peaks in adolescence.

Answer 20

dopamine

Question 21

Stress _____ and a disrupted _____ axis likely contribute to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia.

Answer 21

reactivity/HPA

Question 22

Researchers in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study, identified all of the following factors that predicted a greater likelihood of developing a psychotic disorder EXCEPT:

Answer 22

an increase in functioning.

Question 23

_____ studies do a better job of separating genetic and environmental effects, providing support for the heritability of schizophrenia.

Answer 23

Adoption

Question 24

Failure to show frontal brain activation is related to the severity of _____ symptoms.

Answer 24

negative

Question 25

Recent findings suggest that reduced _____ volume in people with schizophrenia may reflect a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributing to the cause of schizophrenia.

Answer 25

hippocamal

Question 26

This theory proposes that during the course of their developing illness, people with schizophrenia may drift into poor neighborhoods because their illness impairs their earning power and they cannot afford to live elsewhere.

Answer 26

social selection hypothesis.

Question 27

Results from one study suggest that being _____ and being _____ are predictors of better insight into their condition for people in their first episode of schizophrenia.

Answer 27

female/older

Question 28

First-generation antipsychotic drugs are able to reduce the _____ and _____ symptoms of schizophrenia but have little or no effect on the _____ symptoms.

Answer 28

positive/disorganized/negative

Question 29

All of the following are side effects of antipsychotic medications EXCEPT:

Answer 29

improved vision

Question 30

Second-generation antipsychotic drugs have been shown to be more effective than first-generation antipsychotics in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Answer 30

reducing positive symptoms

Question 31

A number of studies suggest that second-generation antipsychotic medications may be more effective than first-generation drugs at improving _____ functions such as short-term memory.

Answer 31

cognitive

Question 32

A meta-analysis comparing first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs found that some second-generation drugs were modestly more effective than the first-generation drugs in reducing _____ symptoms and improving _____ deficits.

Answer 32

negative/cognitive

Question 33

Studies have suggested that using this treatment, along with medications, can help to reduce hallucinations and delusions.

Answer 33

cbt

Question 34

Recently developed treatments that seek to enhance basic cognitive functions, such as verbal learning ability, are referred to as

Answer 34

cognitive enhancement theory

Question 35

_____ hold together and coordinate the range of medical and psychological services that people with schizophrenia need to keep functioning.

Answer 35

case managers

Question 36

Some people with schizophrenia function too well to remain in a hospital and yet do not function well enough to live on their own or even within their family. These individuals would often live in a

Answer 36

residential treatment home.

Question 37

_____ training is designed to teach people with schizophrenia how to successfully manage a wide variety of interpersonal situations, such as discussing their medications with their psychiatrist, ordering meals in a restaurant, filling out job applications, etc.

Answer 37

social skills

Question 38

Family therapies have each of the following features in common EXCEPT:

Answer 38

hopelessness

Question 39

The discharging of a large number of patients from mental hospitals in the 1960s is referred to as

Answer 39

deinstitutionalization.

Question 40

This law, passed in 1990, prohibits employers from asking applicants if they have a history of serious mental illness.

Answer 40

Americans with Disabilities Act