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@Nur 181 Exam 2 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q 
Antagonistic thoughts and behavior
Shy and withdrawn
Poor peer relationships
Doing poorly in school
Antisocial behavior
A

Phase I
Premorbid phase
Social Maladjustment

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2
Q

Lasts from a few weeks to a few years
Deterioration in role functioning and social withdrawal
Substantial functional impairment
Sleep disturbance, anxiety, irritability
Depressed mood, poor concentration, fatigue
Perceptual abnormalities, ideas of reference, and suspiciousness herald onset of psychosis

A

Phase II
Prodromal Phase
Baseline

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3
Q

In the active phase of the disorder, psychotic symptoms are prominent

  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Impairment in work, social relations, and self-care
A

Phase III

Schizophrenia

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4
Q

Symptoms similar to those of the prodromal phase
Flat affect and impairment in role functioning are prominent
Stabilize phase; may not return to baseline

A

Phase IV

Residual phase

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5
Q

The existence of prominent, no-bizarre delusions

A

delusional disorder; types of psychotic disorder

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6
Q

stalkers, believe in a real relationship with person

A

Erotomanic type; delusional disorder

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7
Q

tales about them being very important or having very expensive things, being the president, God

A

Grandiose type; delusional disorder

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8
Q

in a relationship; jealousy issues, even with out reason

A

Jealous type; delusional disorder

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9
Q

Persecuting them

A

Persecutory type; delusional disorder

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10
Q

feeling to do with the body, in pain

A

Somatic type; delusional disorder

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11
Q

all of these things, erotomanic, jealous, grandiose, persecutory, somatic

A

Mixed delusional type

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12
Q

sudden onset of symptoms
may or may not be preceded by a severe psychosocial stressor
can hear voices
severe stressor assoc with extreme anxiety, depression.
Lasts one month!
Return to full premorbid level of functioning

A

Brief Psychotic Disorder

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13
Q

The presense of prominent hallucinations and delusions that are judged to be directly attributable to substance intoxication or withdrawal.

A

Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

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14
Q

Prominent hallucinations and delusions are directly attributable to a general medical condition

A

Psychotic Disorder Assoc with Another Medical Condition

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15
Q

Catatonic features may be assoc. with other psychotic disorders, such as brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder

dementia patients, thyroid disorders too-psychosis

A

The Catatonic Features Specifier;

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16
Q

stupor and muscle rigidity or excessive, purposeless motor activity.
waxy flexibility, negativism, echolalia, echopraxia
unable to speak, communicate or move.
manic @ 1st then goes catatonic
if live alone, could die.

A

Symptoms of catatonic disorder

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17
Q

This diagnosis is made when the catatonic symptoms are directly attributable to the physiological consequences of a general medical condition

A

Catatonic Disorder Assoc. with Another medical condition

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18
Q

Same symptoms as schizophrenia with the exception that the duration of the disorder has been at least 1 month but less then 6 months!
not quite brief then returns to baseline.

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

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19
Q

schizophrenic symptoms accompanied by a strong element of symptomatology assoc with mood disorders, either mania or depression.
diagnosed after the fact.

A

Schizoaffective Disorder

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20
Q

A client is admitted with a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder, with catatonic features. Which symptoms are assoc. with the catatonic specifier?

A

stupor, muscle rigidity, and negativism

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21
Q

Hallucinations can take over their entire life.
Delusions: false personal beliefs
Religiosity: excessive demonstration of obsession with religious ideas and behavior
Paranoia; extreme suspiciousness of others (dangerous)
Magical thinking: ideas that ones’ thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations

A

Positive Symptoms

Content of thought

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22
Q

false personal beliefs

A

delusions

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23
Q

excessive demonstration of obsession with religious ideas and behavior

A

Religiosity

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24
Q

extreme suspiciousness of others (dangerous)

A

Paranoia

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25
Q

ideas that one’s thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations

A

Magical thinking

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26
Q

Associative looseness (aka loose association): shift ideas from one unrelated topic to another
Neologisms: made up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them
Concrete thinking: literal interpretations of the environment
Clang associations: choice of words is governed by sound (often rhyming)
Word salad: group of words put together in a random fashion
Circumstantiality: delay in reaching the point of a communication because of unnecessary and tedious details
Tangentiality: inability to get to the point of communication due to introduction of many new topics
Mutism: inability or refusal to speak
Perseveration; persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

A

Positive Symptoms

Form of thought

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27
Q

shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another

A

Assoc. looseness (aka loose association)

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28
Q

made up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them

A

Neologisms

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29
Q

literal interpretations of the environment

A

Concrete thinking

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30
Q

choice of words is governed by sound (often rhyming)

A

Clang associations

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31
Q

group of words put together in a random fashion

A

Word salad

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32
Q

delay in reaching the point of a communication because of unnecessary and tedious details

A

Circumstantiality

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33
Q

inability to get to the point of communication due to introduction of many new topics

A

Tangentiality

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34
Q

inability or refusal to speak

A

Mutism

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35
Q

interpretation of stimuli through the senses

A

Perception

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36
Q

false sensory perceptions not assoc. with real external stimuli

  • Auditory
  • Visual
  • Tactile
  • Gustatory
  • Olfactory
  • Illusions: misperceptions of real external stimuli
A

Positive Symptoms: Perception

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37
Q
  • Sense of self; the uniqueness & individuality a person feels
  • Echolalia: repeating words that are heard (Brick)
  • Echopraxia: repeating movements that are observed
  • Identification and imitation: taking on the form of behavior one observes in another
  • Depersonalization: feelings of unreality
A

Positive Symptoms

38
Q

the uniqueness and indiv. a person feels

A

sense of self

39
Q

repeating words that are heard (brick)

A

echolalia

40
Q

repeating movements that are observed

A

echopraxia

41
Q

taking on the form of behavior one observes in another

A

identification and imitation

42
Q

feelings of unreality

A

depersonalization

43
Q

Delusions hard to treat;

Voices easier to treat with meds

A

side note

44
Q

the feeling state or emotional tone.

A

Affect

45
Q

emotions are incongruent with the circumstances

A

Inappropriate affect

46
Q

weak emotional tone

A

bland affect

47
Q

appears to be void of emotional tone

A

flat affect

48
Q

disinterest in the environment

A

apathy affect

49
Q

Affect: the feeling state or emotional tone

  • inappropriate affect; emotions are incongruent with the circumstances; says happy, but sounds sad
  • bland; weak emotional tone
  • flat; appears to be void of emotional tone
  • apathy; disinterest in the environment
A

Negative Symptoms; Affect

50
Q

Volition: impairment in the ability to initiate goal-directed activity
Emotional ambivalence: coexistence of opposite emotions towards same object, person, or situation
Deterioration in appearance: impaired personal grooming and self-care activities
Not moving or doing anything all day

A

Negative Symptoms; Volition

51
Q

impairment in the ability to initiate goal-directed activity

A

volition

52
Q

coexistence of opposite emotions towards same object, person, or situation

A

emotional ambivalence

53
Q

impaired personal grooming and self-care activities

A

Deterioration in appearance

54
Q

Impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world

  • Impaired social interaction: clinging and intruding on the personal space of others, exhibiting behaviors that are not culturally and socially acceptable.
  • Social isolation: a focus inward on the self to the exclusion of the external environment
A

Negative Symptoms; Impaired interpersonal functioning & relationships to the external world

55
Q

clinging and intruding on the personal space of others, exhibiting behaviors that are not culturally and socially acceptable

A

Impaired social interaction

56
Q

a focus inward on the self to the exclusion of the external environment

A

Social isolation

57
Q

Anergia: deficiency of energy
Waxy flexibility; passive yielding of all movable parts of the body to any effort made at placing them in certain positions
Posturing: voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures
Pacing and rocking: pacing back and forth and rocking the body

A

Negative Symptoms

Psychomotor behavior

58
Q

deficiency of energy

A

Anergia

59
Q

passive yielding of all movable parts of the body to any effort made at placing them in certain positions

A

Waxy flexibility (catatonic)

60
Q

voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures

A

Posturing

61
Q

pacing back and forth and rocking the body

A

Pacing and rocking

62
Q

Anhedonia: inability to experience pleasure
Regression: retreat to an earlier level of development

A

Negative Symptoms

Associated Features

63
Q

inability to experience pleasure

A

Anhedonia

64
Q

retreat to an earlier level of development

A

regression

65
Q

A patient who has disorganized thinking assoc with schizophrenia. Which area of the brain is to blame for this dysfunction?

A

Frontal Lobe

66
Q

Typical antipsychotics exert their influence primarily over what neurotransmitter to achieve effect?

A

Dopamine

67
Q

Patients taking the atypical antipsychotic Clozaril (clozapine), must have which blood test completed ea. week?

A

CBC;

WBC decrease; get levels

68
Q

A patient taking an antipsychotic develops restlessness and an uncontrollable urge to move the bottom half of their body. The extrapyramidal side effect is called?

A

Echopraxia

69
Q

Uncontrollable urge to move the bottom half of their body. what is the cause of the EPS?

A

Dopamine blocking effects

70
Q

A nurse administering antipsychotics medications should monitor for additional adverse effects if the patient also has which of the following health problems?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Parkinson’s Disease
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Epilepsy
  • Grave’s Disease
71
Q

A patient receiving the atypical antipsychotic Risperdal (risperidone) reports severe muscle stiffness mid morning. During lunch he has difficulty swallowing food and speaking, and when vital signs are taken 30 minutes later, he is found stuporous and diaphoretic. Temperature is 38.8 C, pulse 110, B/P 159/90
The nurse should suspect ___________ & should _________.

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and initiate measures to decrease fever, notify MD.

72
Q

Phase I: the premorbid phase-social withdrawal & antagonistic thoughts
Phase II: the prodromal phase- frank onset of psychotic symptoms (Baseline)
Phase III: Schizophrenia: Delusions, Hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behaviors, (Negative syptoms)
Phase IV: Residual Phase: symptoms similar to prodromal phase, flat affect. May not return to baseline

A

Phases of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

73
Q 
Family hx
Abnormal brain chemistry
viral infection
anatomical abnormalities
stressful life events
A

Biological, biochemical, physiological, and environmental factors of developing schizophrenia

74
Q

Which dopamine pathway is responsible for positive symptoms??

A

Mesolimbic pathway; only good one blocked

75
Q

Which dopamine pathway is responsible for negative symptoms??

A

Mesocortical pathway

76
Q

Level of dopamine in the mesolimbic system is thought to exert a strong influence over human mood & behavior.
-lacking this causes failure of cells firing and being charged.

A

Mesolimbic system

77
Q

involve pathology of prefrontal cortex and the limbic system; Hippocampus, the amylgdala and hypothalamus and cingulate gyrus.

A

Mood disorders

78
Q

plays a major role in the discharge of emotions

A

Limbic system

79
Q 
limbic system
thalamus
basal ganglia
hippocampus
frontal cortex
A

Changes in the brain regions

80
Q

Probably not a homogeneous disease entity with a single cause but results from a variable combination of genetic predisposition, biochemical dysfunction, physiological factors and psychosocial stress.

A

Schizophrenia

81
Q

A severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality, deterioration

A

psychosis

82
Q

outcome different to predict but a complete return to full premorbid functioning not common.

A

Prognosis

83
Q

cause uncertain
no single factor implicating
etilogy: combination of influences: biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

A

predisposing factors

84
Q

originates in the ventral tegmentrum area and projects to area of the limbic system; including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocamus.
-mesolimbic assoc. with memory, emotion, arousal and pleasure.
Excess activity in mesolimbic tract implicated in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucination delusions)

A

Mesolimbic pathway

85
Q

originates in the Ventral tegmentum area and has projections into the cortex. Concerned with cognition, social behavior, planning problem-solving, motivation and reinforcement in learning. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia. (flat affect, apathy lack of motivation, and ahedonia)

A

Mesocortical pathways

86
Q

originates in the substantia nigra and terminates in the striatum of the basal ganglia. The pathway is assoc. with the function of motor control.
-Degeneration in this pathway is assoc. with Parkinson’s disease and inoluntary psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia.

A

Nigrostriatal pathway

87
Q

originates in the hypothalamus and projects to the pituitary gland. Assoc with endocrine function, digestion, metabolism, hunger, thirst, temp, sexual arousal. Implicated in certain endocrine abnormalities assoc with schizophrenia.

A

Tuberoinfundibular pathway

88
Q

is a biological disease, influenced by factors with in the environment.

A

Schizophrenia

Evidence shows a multiple causation in development

89
Q

characterized by the presence of delusions that have been experienced by the individuals for at least a month.

A

Delusional Disorder

90
Q

delusion, ind. usually believes that someone (normally of higher status) is in love with him/her.

A

Erotomanic type

91
Q

irrational ideas regarding their own worth, talent, knowledge & power.

A

Grandiose Type

92
Q

individual has a false idea that the self, a part of the self, others or the world is nonexistent.

A

Nihilistic delusion

@Nur 181 Exam 2 (8 decks)

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