Eating Disorders

Question 1

The hypothalamus contains the appetite regulation center within the brain. Regulates and recognizes when body is hungry, and when it has been sated.
-eating behaviors influenced by society and culture.

Answer 1

Introduction of eating disorders

Question 2

characterized by a morbid fear of obesity
-symptoms; gross distortion of body image, preoccupation with food, and refusal to eat.
-weight loss is extreme.
other symptoms:
hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, edema, lanugo, and a variety of metabolic changes. Amenorrhea typical

-Feelings of anxiety and depression common.

Answer 2

Anorexia Nervosa.

Question 3

episodic, uncontrolled, compulsive, rapid ingestion of large quantities of food over a short pd. of time (binging), followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess calories (self-induced) vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas)

Answer 3

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 4

Fasting or excessive exercise With in normal weight limits or some slightly underweight, some slightly overweight
Excessive vomiting and laxative/diuretic abuse may lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Depression, anxiety, and substance abuse common

Answer 4

Factors of Bulimia

Question 5

• Genetics; sisters/mother with disorder
• Neuroendocrine Abnormalitites: hypothalamic dysfunction in anorexia
• Neurochemical Influences: Neurotransmitters; Serotonin & norepinephrine may be involved with Bulimia, and high levels of Endogenous opioids in Anorexia
• Psychodynamic Influences; Very early or profound disturbances in mother-child interatctions, delayed ego, separation-individual.

Answer 5

Predisposing Factors

Question 6

Conflict Avoidance; families, sick child, etc.
Elements of Power and Control; parental criticism increase obsession/perfectionistic behavior in child who seeks approval.

Answer 6

Predisposing Factors: Family Influences

Question 7

A body mass index of 30 or greater;
Can contribute to morbidity and mortality.
higher risk for hyperlipidema, diabetes melliuts, osteoarthritis, angina, and respiratory insufficiency.

Answer 7

Obesity; power and control

Question 8

an eating disorder that can lead to obesity.

-does not engage in behaviors of ridding the body of excess calories.

Answer 8

BED; binge eating disorder

Question 9

-Genetics; 80% of children born to overweight parents will be obese.

-Physiolocial Factors:
`lesions in the appetite and satiety centers of the hypothalamus.
`Hypothyroidism
`Decreased insulin production
`Increased cortisone production
`Lifestyle factors
`Increased caloric intake
`Sedentary lifestyle

-Psychosocial Influences
Unresolved dependency issues/needs Fixation in the oral stage of psychosexual development

Answer 9

Predisposing Factors Assoc. with Obesity

Question 10

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
Deficient fluid volume (risk for or actual)
Ineffective denial
Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements
Disturbed body image/low self-esteem
Anxiety (moderate to severe)

Answer 10

Nursing diagnoses for the client with eating disorders

Question 11

• Nursing care of the client with an eating disorder is aimed at restoring nutritional balance.
• Emphasis is also placed on helping the client gain control over life situation in ways other than is inappropriate eating behaviors.
• Self esteem and posititive self-image are promoted in ways that relate to aspects other than appearance.

Answer 11

Planning/Implementation

Question 12

Behavior Modifications
Individual Therapy
Family Therapy
Psychopharmacology

Answer 12

Treatment Modalities

Question 13

Is thin and continues to get thinner.
Diets even though she is not overweight.
Has a distorted body-image—feels fat even when she is thin.
Loses or has thinning hair..
Talks excessively about food, cooking and dieting.
Exercises excessively, even when tired or injured.
Overemphasizes the importance of her body image to her self-worth.
Feels cold even though the temp. is normal or only slightly cool.

Answer 13

A Person with Anorexia

s/s

Question 14

Engages in binge eating.
Feels like her eating is often out of control.
Uses the bathroom frequently after meals.
Engages in vomiting, laxative or exercise abuse.
Reacts to stress by overeating.
Experiences frequent fluctuations in weight.
Overvalues her weight as a basis for her self-esteem.
Has depressive or varying moods.

Answer 14

A Person with Bulimia.

Question 15

Eats large amounts of food when not physically hungry.
Turns to food as a way of coping with feelings
Eats rapidly or eats excessively throughout the day.
Eats to the point of feeling uncomfortably full.
Often eats alone because of shame or embarrassment.
Shows signs of depression & withdrawal and has extreme feelings of guilt and shame after eating.

Answer 15

A person with a binge eating disorder.

Question 16

a subjective concept of ones physical appearance based on the personal perceptions of self and the reactions of others.

Answer 16

body image

Question 17

by a morbid fear of obesity

`gross distortion of body image, preoccupation with food and refusal to eat.

Answer 17

anorexia