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NCM 117 Lecture (Prelims) > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

a group of disorders characterized by disturbance in thoughts, feelings, perception and behavior

A

Schizophrenia

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2
Q

Severe impairment of mental and social functioning with grossly impaired reality testing, sensory perception and with deterioration and regression of psychosocial functioning.

A

Schizophrenia

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3
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms

Delusions, Hallucinations
Ambivalence, Echopraxia
Flight of Ideas, Perseveration
Associative Looseness, Ideas of Reference
Bizarre Behavior

A

Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

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4
Q

Schizophrenia Symptoms

Affective flattening and blunting, Alogia
Avolition, Anhedonia
Apathy, Catatonia, Blunted Affect
Avolition or Lack of Volition
Asociality
Flat Affect
Inattention, Disorganized Thinking
Word Salad, Neologism
Clang Association, Verbigeration
Stilted Language, Disorganized behavior
Regression

A

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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5
Q

Bleuler’s Four A’s of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Associative Looseness
  2. Autistic behavior
  3. Affect
  4. Ambivalence

5th A: Auditory Hallucinations

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6
Q

Person’s thoughts are excessively involved, and focused outward

A

Autistic Behavior

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7
Q

Also known as derailment, refers
to a thought-process disorder characterized by an absence
or lack of connection between thoughts or ideas. The individual will frequently jump from one idea to an unrelated one.

A

Associative Looseness

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8
Q

Blunted affect, severe reduction in emotional expressiveness

A

Affect

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9
Q

Presence of two equally strong feelings coexisting and neutralizing each other

A

Ambivalence

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10
Q

Etiological Theories

Genetic pattern within the family system
(50% chance for the other identical twin, and 15% for
fraternal twins).

A

Genetic Factors

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10
Q

Etiological Theories

People
with schizophrenia have relatively less brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, enlarged ventricles in the brain and
cortical atrophy.

PET studies suggest that glucose metabolism and oxygen are diminished in the frontal
cortical structures of the brain.

A

Neuroanatomic and Neurochemical Factors

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10
Q

Etiological Theories

A

Genetic Factors

Neuroanatomic and Neurochemical Factors

Immunovirologic Factors

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11
Q

Etiological Theories

Exposure to a virus of the
body’s immune response to a virus could alter the brain physiology. Recent researchers have been focusing on
infections in pregnant women as a possible origin for schizophrenia.

A

Immunovirologic Factors

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12
Q

Poor care giving that leads to psychic alteration (Freud and Blueler)

Loss of ego boundaries

A

Psychodynamic Theory

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13
Q

Double blind communication pattern within a poor family relationship

A

Psychodynamic Theory

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14
Q

Types of Schizophrenia

A

Paranoid Schizophrenia
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Residual Schizophrenia

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14
Q

Onset: Schizophrenia

  1. Abrupt or insidious
  2. Age of onset appears to be an important factor on how well the client fares
  3. Those who develop the illness earlier show worse outcomes than those who develop it later
A

Schizophrenia

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14
Q

Behavioral Pattern: Suspicious
Defense Mechanism: Projection

A

Paranoid Schizophrenia

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14
Q

Characteristics: Extreme suspiciousness, ideas of reference, delusion of persecution, auditory hallucination, and unpredictable violence.

A

Paranoid Schizophrenia

15
Q

4Ps of Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

Projection
Proxemics
Passive Friendliness
Persecutory Delusion

16
Q

Considerations:

● Consistency to build trust.
● Food: packed or sealed food.
● Social isolation
● Develop trust.
● Be reliable and consistent.
● Safety for other and client
○ Approach non-threatening manner.
○ Never whisper.
○ Never hold complicated objects.
○ Provide solitary.
○ Provide safe and relatively simple activities.

A

Paranoid Schizophrenia

17
Q

Characterized

Inappropriate behavior
Silly crying
Laughing
Regression
Transient hallucinations

A

Hebephrenic Schizophrenia

18
Q

Onset: Early, usually below 18 years old and is insidious

Behavioral Pattern: Withdrawn
Defense Mechanism: Regression

A

Disorganized Schizophrenia

19
Q

Characteristics

Inappropriate behavior
Silly smiles and laughter
Somatic delusions
Impaired ADL

A

Disorganized Schizophrenia

20
Q

With stereotyped position (catatonia), waxy flexibility, mutism, bizarre mannerisms.

Characteristics:
● Stupor – Slowed movement.
● Posturing – Weird bizarre positions.
● Rigidity - Cementation/stone-like position.
● Negativism – resistance towards flexion and extension
● Excitability - Hyperactivity.

A

Catatonic Schizophrenia

21
Q

Onset: Any age group and usually acute and precipitated by an emotionally disturbing experience.

Behavioral Pattern: Withdrawn
Defense Mechanism: Repression

A

Catatonic Schizophrenia

22
Q

2 Types of Catatonic Schizophrenia

Sudden onset of mutism, bizarre mannerisms, waxy flexibility, automatism

A

Catatonic Stupor

23
Q

2 Types of Catatonic Schizophrenia

Dangerous periods of agitation, impulsive and explosive behavior.

A

Catatonic Excitement

24
Q

Symptoms of more than one type of schizophrenia

Affect is flat.
● Delusion and hallucination.
● Disorganized speech.
● Disorganized catatonic behavior.
● Social withdrawal.
● Does not meet the criteria for paranoid; disorganized or catatonic.

A

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

25
Q

The patient no longer exhibits overt symptoms, no more delusion but still has negative symptoms or odd benefits or unusual perceptions.

A

Residual Schizophrenia

26
Q

People with _____________ often neglect basic hygiene and need help with everyday living activities.

Absence of prominent delusion, hallucinations, disorganized speech and grossly disorganized or catatonic
behavior

A

Residual Schizophrenia

27
Q

Treatment

A
  1. Psychopharmacology
  2. Maintenance Therapy
28
Q

Psychopharmacology: Traditional Medications (1950s)

A

Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Thiothixene

29
Q

Psychopharmacology: New Medications (1990s)

A

Clozapine
Risperdal
Zyprexa

30
Q

Treatment Modalities

Psychosocial Interventions and Psychotherapy

A
  1. Counselling and Psychotherapy
  2. Social Skills Education
31
Q

The client exhibits the symptoms of schizophrenia but for less than 6 months. Social or occupational functioning may
or may not be impaired.

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

32
Q

The client exhibits the symptoms of psychosis and at the same time all the features of a mood disorder either
depression or mania.

A

Schizoaffective Disorder

33
Q

The client has one or more bizarre delusions, the focus of delusion is believable

A

Delusional Disorder

34
Q

Presence of 1 or more false beliefs that persist for at least 1 month

A

Central Feature

35
Q

Subtypes of Delusional Disorder

A
  1. Erotomanic
  2. Grandiose
  3. Jealous
  4. Persecutory
  5. Somatic
36
Q

Patient believes that another person is in love with him

A

Erotomanic

37
Q

Patient believes that he has great talent or has made an important discovery

A

Grandiose

38
Q

Patient believes that his spouse or lover is unfaithful

A

Jealous

39
Q

Patient believes that he is being plotted against, spied, or maligned or harassed

A

Persecutory

40
Q

Patient believes that he has a physical deformity, odor, or parasite

A

Somatic

41
Q

Current Trends in Schizophrenia Research

A

Brain imaging and mapping.

Autoimmunity immune systems and dysregulation model.

Ethical and legal considerations in high-risk studies of
schizophrenia.

Pharmacogenetics and tailored drug treatment.

The role of nurses and interdisciplinary team.

NCM 117 Lecture (Prelims) (20 decks)

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